一个词里有什么？指令、建议和社会信息如何改变疼痛和情绪。
What's in a word? How instructions, suggestions, and social information change pain and emotion.
机构信息
Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States.
Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Oct;81(Pt A):29-42. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.014.
Instructions, suggestions, and other types of social information can have powerful effects on pain and emotion. Prominent examples include observational learning, social influence, placebo, and hypnosis. These different phenomena and their underlying brain mechanisms have been studied in partially separate literatures, which we discuss, compare, and integrate in this review. Converging findings from these literatures suggest that (1) instructions and social information affect brain systems associated with the generation of pain and emotion, and with reinforcement learning, and that (2) these changes are mediated by alterations in prefrontal systems responsible for top-down control and the generation of affective meaning. We argue that changes in expectation and appraisal, a process of assessing personal meaning and implications for wellbeing, are two potential key mediators of the effects of instructions and social information on affective experience. Finally, we propose a tentative model of how prefrontal regions, especially dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex may regulate affective processing based on instructions and socially transmitted expectations more broadly.
指导、建议和其他类型的社会信息对疼痛和情绪会产生强大的影响。突出的例子包括观察学习、社会影响、安慰剂和催眠。这些不同的现象及其潜在的大脑机制在部分独立的文献中进行了研究，我们在这篇综述中讨论、比较和整合了这些文献。这些文献的一致发现表明：（1）指导和社会信息会影响与疼痛和情绪产生以及强化学习相关的大脑系统，并且（2）这些变化是由负责自上而下控制和产生情感意义的前额叶系统的改变介导的。我们认为，期望和评估的改变，即评估个人意义和对幸福感的影响的过程，是指导和社会信息对情感体验影响的两个潜在关键中介。最后，我们提出了一个试探性的模型，说明前额叶区域，特别是背外侧和腹内侧前额叶皮层，如何基于指令和更广泛的社会传递的期望来调节情感处理。
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