Bourne R B, Rorabeck C H
University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989 Mar(240):97-104.
Increased lower-leg intracompartmental pressure compromising neuromuscular function within that compartment is termed compartment syndrome. This condition may be acute (often trauma induced) or chronic (usually exercise related). In a conscious, alert patient, acute compartment syndromes usually are easy to diagnose clinically; however, in the unconscious patient, a diagnostic aid such as the intracompartmental pressure monitor is useful. Using the slit catheter device, compartmental pressures in excess of 30-35 mmHg in a normally perfused patient suggest the need for open compartment fasciotomy. Chronic compartment syndromes require dynamic pressure measurements for an accurate diagnosis. The most important parameters are elevated postexercise pressures and delayed restoration of normal compartmental pressures. Subcutaneous fasciotomy may be sufficient in accurately diagnosed cases of chronic compartment syndrome.
小腿肌室内压力升高，损害该肌室内的神经肌肉功能，称为骨筋膜室综合征。这种情况可能是急性的（通常由创伤引起）或慢性的（通常与运动有关）。对于意识清醒、警觉的患者，急性骨筋膜室综合征通常在临床上易于诊断；然而，对于无意识的患者，诸如肌室内压力监测仪之类的诊断辅助工具是有用的。使用缝针导管装置，在正常灌注的患者中，肌室内压力超过30 - 35 mmHg提示需要进行切开筋膜减压术。慢性骨筋膜室综合征需要进行动态压力测量以准确诊断。最重要的参数是运动后压力升高以及肌室内压力恢复正常延迟。对于准确诊断的慢性骨筋膜室综合征病例，皮下筋膜切开术可能就足够了。
