Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, SUNY Stony Brook School of Medicine, 26 Research Way, East Setauket, New York, NY, 11733, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrine, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at The Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L Levy Place box 1055, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Endocrine. 2018 Jan;59(1):16-29. doi: 10.1007/s12020-017-1438-7. Epub 2017 Nov 24.
Prolactinomas are the most common secretory pituitary adenoma. They typically occur in women in the 3rd-6th decade of life and rarely in the pediatric population or after menopause. Most women present with irregular menses and/or infertility. Dopamine (DA) agonists, used in their treatment, are safe during pregnancy, but in most cases are discontinued at conception with close monitoring for signs or symptoms of tumor growth. Breastfeeding is safe postpartum, provided there was no significant growth during pregnancy. Some women will experience normalization of prolactin levels postpartum. Menopause may also decrease prolactin levels and even those with macroprolactinomas may consider discontinuing their DA agonist with close follow-up. Prolactinomas may be associated with decreased quality of life scores in women, and play a role in bone health and cardiovascular risk factors. This review discusses the current literature and clinical understanding of prolactinomas throughout the entirety of the female life cycle.
催乳素瘤是最常见的分泌性垂体腺瘤。它们通常发生在女性的 30 到 60 岁之间，很少发生在儿科人群或绝经后。大多数女性表现为月经不规律和/或不孕。在怀孕期间使用多巴胺（DA）激动剂治疗是安全的，但在大多数情况下，在怀孕时会停止使用，并密切监测肿瘤生长的迹象或症状。只要在怀孕期间没有明显的生长，产后母乳喂养是安全的。一些女性在产后会出现催乳素水平正常化。绝经后也可能降低催乳素水平，即使是那些患有大催乳素瘤的患者，也可以考虑在密切随访的情况下停止使用 DA 激动剂。催乳素瘤可能会降低女性的生活质量评分，并影响骨骼健康和心血管危险因素。这篇综述讨论了整个女性生命周期中催乳素瘤的现有文献和临床认识。
