Arenas M C, Caballero-Reinaldo C, Navarro-Frances C I, Manzanedo C
Universidad de Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Espana.
Rev Neurol. 2017 Dec 1;65(11):507-519.
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is an index used to evaluate how the pre-attention system works. PPI is altered in patients with a mental disorder such as schizophrenia and in subjects who are vulnerable to it. Likewise, cocaine users also frequently exhibit psychiatric disorders as schizophrenia.
To know the alterations that cocaine produces on PPI.
A comprehensive review is carried out, covering both clinical and preclinical studies with animal models that have evaluated the effects of cocaine exposure on the PPI paradigm. Underlying neural bases and mechanisms of action are suggested to explain these findings.
Cocaine alters PPI through its action on the dopaminergic system. Acute exposure of cocaine decreases PPI by increasing dopamine, while with chronic use, depending on withdrawal time, PPI can be restored. However, the effects of cocaine on PPI appear to depend on the baseline levels of PPI shown by the individual. Thus, since a deficit in PPI has been associated with a greater vulnerability to developing mental pathologies such as schizophrenia, PPI level in subjects could be considered as a biomarker of psychiatric vulnerability. Therefore, a better understanding of the effect of drugs such as cocaine on PPI may help to understand the development of dual pathology.
惊吓反应的前脉冲抑制（PPI）是用于评估前注意系统工作方式的一项指标。精神分裂症等精神障碍患者以及易患精神障碍的个体的PPI会发生改变。同样，可卡因使用者也经常表现出如精神分裂症这样的精神障碍。
了解可卡因对PPI产生的改变。
进行了一项全面综述，涵盖了使用动物模型的临床和临床前研究，这些研究评估了可卡因暴露对PPI范式的影响。提出了潜在的神经基础和作用机制来解释这些发现。
可卡因通过作用于多巴胺能系统改变PPI。急性接触可卡因会通过增加多巴胺降低PPI，而长期使用时，根据戒断时间，PPI可恢复。然而，可卡因对PPI的影响似乎取决于个体所表现出的PPI基线水平。因此，由于PPI缺陷与患精神分裂症等精神疾病的更大易感性相关，个体的PPI水平可被视为精神易感性的生物标志物。所以，更好地理解可卡因等药物对PPI的影响可能有助于理解双重病理的发展。
