Boattini Alessio, Sarno Stefania, Fiorani Ornella, Lisa Antonella, Luiselli Donata, Pettener Davide
a Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.
b Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM) , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Pavia , Italy.
Ann Hum Biol. 2018 Feb;45(1):57-65. doi: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1411525.
Southern Italy and Sicily played a key role in the peopling history of the Mediterranean. While genetic research showed the remarkable homogeneity of these regions, surname-based studies instead suggested low population mobility, hence potential structuring.
In order to better understand these different patterns, this study (1) thoroughly analysed the surname structure of Sicily and Southern Italy and (2) tested its relationships with a wide set of molecular markers.
Surname data were collected from 1213 municipalities and compared to uniparental and autosomal genetic markers typed in ∼300 individuals from 8-10 populations. Surname analyses were performed using different multivariate methods, while comparisons with genetic data relied on correlation tests.
Surnames were clearly structured according to regional geographic patterns, which likely emerged because of recent isolation-by-distance-like population dynamics. In general, genetic markers, hinting at a pervasive homogeneity, did not correlate with surname distribution. However, long autosomal haplotypes (>5 cM) that compared to genotypic (SNPs) data identify more "recent" relatedness, showing a clear association with surname patterns.
The apparent contradiction between surname structure and genetic homogeneity was resolved by figuring surnames as recent "ripples" deposited on a vast and ancient homogeneous genetic "surface".
意大利南部和西西里岛在地中海地区的人口历史中发挥了关键作用。虽然基因研究表明这些地区具有显著的同质性，但基于姓氏的研究却表明人口流动性较低，因此存在潜在的结构差异。
为了更好地理解这些不同模式，本研究（1）对西西里岛和意大利南部的姓氏结构进行了全面分析，（2）测试了其与一系列分子标记的关系。
从1213个市镇收集姓氏数据，并与来自8 - 10个群体的约300名个体的单亲及常染色体基因标记进行比较。使用不同的多变量方法进行姓氏分析，而与基因数据的比较则依赖于相关性测试。
姓氏根据区域地理模式呈现出明显的结构，这可能是由于近期类似距离隔离的人口动态而出现的。总体而言，暗示普遍同质性的基因标记与姓氏分布不相关。然而，与基因型（单核苷酸多态性）数据相比，识别出更多“近期”亲缘关系的长常染色体单倍型（>5 cM）与姓氏模式呈现出明显的关联。
通过将姓氏视为沉积在广阔而古老的同质基因“表面”上的近期“涟漪”，解决了姓氏结构与基因同质性之间明显的矛盾。
