Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy.
Ann Hum Biol. 2021 May;48(3):260-269. doi: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1936635.
Thanks to the availability of rich surname, linguistic and genetic information, together with its geographic and cultural complexity, Trentino (North-Eastern Italy) is an ideal place to test the relationships between genetic and cultural traits.
We provide a comprehensive study of population structures based on surname and dialect variability and evaluate their relationships with genetic diversity in Trentino.
Surname data were collected for 363 parishes, linguistic data for 57 dialects and genetic data for different sets of molecular markers (Y-chromosome, mtDNA, autosomal) in 10 populations. Analyses relied on different multivariate methods and correlation tests.
Besides the expected isolation-by-distance-like patterns (with few local exceptions, likely related to sociocultural instances), we detected a significant and geography-independent association between dialects and surnames. As for molecular markers, only Y-chromosomal STRs seem to be associated with the dialects, although no significant result was obtained. No evidence for correlation between molecular markers and surnames was observed.
Surnames act as cultural markers as do other words, although in this context they cannot be used as reliable proxies for genetic variability at a local scale.
得益于丰富的姓氏、语言和遗传信息，以及其地理位置和文化的复杂性，特伦蒂诺（意大利东北部）是测试遗传和文化特征之间关系的理想场所。
我们提供了基于姓氏和方言可变性的人口结构综合研究，并评估了它们与特伦蒂诺遗传多样性的关系。
姓氏数据采集自 363 个教区，语言数据采集自 57 种方言，10 个人群的不同分子标记（Y 染色体、线粒体 DNA、常染色体）的遗传数据。分析依赖于不同的多元方法和相关测试。
除了预期的距离隔离模式（少数局部例外，可能与社会文化实例有关）外，我们还发现方言和姓氏之间存在显著的、与地理无关的关联。至于分子标记，只有 Y 染色体 STR 似乎与方言有关，尽管没有得到显著的结果。没有观察到分子标记和姓氏之间存在相关性的证据。
姓氏和其他词汇一样，是文化的标志，尽管在这种情况下，它们不能作为局部遗传变异的可靠替代物。
