Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2017 Nov;143:116-121. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.08.013. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
The house fly, Musca domestica, is a serious pest because it transmits a large diversity of human and veterinary diseases. Insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, are commonly used to control house flies. However, the evolution of pyrethroid resistance has reduced the effectiveness of these insecticides. A major mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids is target site insensitivity caused by the mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene (e.g. kdr [L1014F] and super-kdr [M918T+L1014F]). Recently, two novel Vssc alleles, super-kdr+D600N and kdr+T929I were detected in a field collected resistant house fly population in Kansas, USA in 2013. To determine the levels of resistance that these new alleles confer to pyrethroids, we isolated strains having the unique Vssc alleles, but being otherwise congenic to the susceptible strain, aabys. We compared levels of resistance conferred to 14 pyrethroids and determined the inheritance of resistance to 8 pyrethroids. Our results revealed that super-kdr+D600N conferred higher levels of resistance to seven pyrethroids relative to super-kdr, and kdr+T929I showed super-kdr-like levels of resistance in house flies. Our results are compared with previous studies and reveal that addition of T929I to the kdr mutation (L1014F) increased resistance to all pyrethroids (except etofenprox), and enhanced resistance by ~1000-fold to acrinathrin and flumethrin. The implications of these results on the evolution of resistance are discussed.
家蝇是一种严重的害虫，因为它传播了大量的人类和兽医疾病。杀虫剂，特别是拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，通常用于控制家蝇。然而，拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗药性进化已经降低了这些杀虫剂的有效性。对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗药性的一个主要机制是由于电压敏感性钠离子通道（Vssc）基因（例如 kdr [L1014F] 和超级 kdr [M918T+L1014F]）突变导致的靶标部位不敏感。最近，在美国堪萨斯州 2013 年采集的抗药性家蝇种群中，发现了两个新的 Vssc 等位基因，超级 kdr+D600N 和 kdr+T929I。为了确定这些新等位基因赋予拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗药性水平，我们分离了具有独特 Vssc 等位基因的菌株，但在其他方面与敏感菌株 aabys 同源。我们比较了 14 种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂赋予的抗药性水平，并确定了 8 种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗药性遗传。我们的结果表明，超级 kdr+D600N 相对于超级 kdr 赋予了七种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂更高的抗药性，而 kdr+T929I 在家蝇中表现出类似于超级 kdr 的抗药性水平。我们的结果与以前的研究进行了比较，并揭示了 kdr 突变（L1014F）与 T929I 的结合增加了对所有拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（除了乙氰菊酯）的抗性，并使 acrinathrin 和 flumethrin 的抗性增强了约 1000 倍。讨论了这些结果对抗药性进化的影响。
