Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52761. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052761. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
Insecticide resistance is a model phenotype that can be used to investigate evolutionary processes underlying the spread of alleles across a global landscape, while offering valuable insights into solving the problems that resistant pests present to human health and agriculture. Pyrethroids are one of the most widely used classes of insecticides world-wide and they exert their toxic effects through interactions with the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc). Specific mutations in Vssc (kdr, kdr-his and super-kdr) are known to cause resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in house flies. In order to determine the number of evolutionary origins of kdr, kdr-his and super-kdr, we sequenced a region of Vssc from house flies collected in the USA, Turkey and China. Our phylogenetic analysis of Vssc unequivocally supports the hypothesis of multiple independent origins of kdr, super-kdr and kdr-his on an unprecedented geographic scale. The implications of these evolutionary processes on pest management are discussed.
杀虫剂抗性是一种典型表型，可用于研究在全球范围内传播等位基因的进化过程，同时为解决抗药性害虫对人类健康和农业带来的问题提供有价值的见解。拟除虫菊酯是世界范围内使用最广泛的杀虫剂之一，它们通过与电压敏感型钠离子通道（Vssc）相互作用来发挥其毒性作用。已知 Vssc 中的特定突变（kdr、kdr-his 和 super-kdr）会导致家蝇对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂产生抗性。为了确定 kdr、kdr-his 和 super-kdr 的进化起源数量，我们对从美国、土耳其和中国收集的家蝇的 Vssc 进行了测序。我们对 Vssc 的系统发育分析毫不含糊地支持了在空前的地理范围内，kdr、super-kdr 和 kdr-his 存在多个独立起源的假设。讨论了这些进化过程对害虫管理的影响。
