1 Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention (AISRAP) and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia.
2 Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2018 May;52(5):446-460. doi: 10.1177/0004867417741981. Epub 2017 Nov 29.
To examine (1) the 12-month prevalence of social anxiety disorder (SOC), separation anxiety disorder (SEP) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a large, nationally representative sample of Australian youth; (2) patterns of comorbidity between these disorders; (3) demographic and socio-environmental correlates and (4) the psychosocial impact and service use associated with each condition.
Data are from the 2013/2014 Australian national, face-to-face household Young Minds Matter survey of mental health and wellbeing. Informants were parents or carers reporting on 6310, 4- to 17-year-olds (55% of eligible households). The presence of each of the three anxiety disorders was determined based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Version IV.
In the past 12 months, 6.6% of youth had experienced at least one of SOC, SEP or GAD, with rates of 2.3% for SOC, 4.3% for SEP and 2.3% for GAD. Rates did not differ by gender but were significantly higher for SOC and GAD and lower for SEP in 12- to 17-year-olds than 4- to 11-year-olds. Comorbidity between these disorders was high, although lower for SEP. Having SOC, SEP or GAD was associated with not living with both biological parents, having a parent with a mental health problem, elevated negative family events, low carer employment and peer victimization. The association with family risk factors was greater for SEP than for SOC and GAD. Although the majority of anxious youth had received professional help, this was less likely in the younger cohort.
Social, separation and generalized anxiety disorders in young people are relatively common and impairing, with a high level of comorbidity. There are both commonalities and differences in socio-environmental correlates. The majority of anxious youth received some form of professional assistance, although the rate was lower among children compared to adolescents.
在澳大利亚青年的大型全国代表性样本中，（1）检查社交焦虑障碍（SOC）、分离焦虑障碍（SEP）和广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）的 12 个月患病率；（2）这些障碍之间的共病模式；（3）人口统计学和社会环境相关性；（4）与每种疾病相关的心理社会影响和服务利用情况。
数据来自 2013/2014 年澳大利亚全国面对面家庭“年轻头脑 matters”心理健康和幸福感调查。报告人是报告 6310 名 4 至 17 岁儿童（合格家庭的 55%）的父母或照顾者。根据儿童诊断访谈表第四版确定三种焦虑障碍中的每一种的存在。
在过去的 12 个月中，有 6.6%的青年至少经历过一次 SOC、SEP 或 GAD，其中 SOC 为 2.3%，SEP 为 4.3%，GAD 为 2.3%。性别之间的发病率没有差异，但在 12 至 17 岁的青少年中，SOC 和 GAD 的发病率明显高于 4 至 11 岁的青少年，而 SEP 的发病率则较低。这些疾病之间的共病率较高，尽管 SEP 的共病率较低。患有 SOC、SEP 或 GAD 与父母双方不住在一起、父母一方有心理健康问题、负面家庭事件增加、照顾者就业水平低和同伴受害有关。与家庭风险因素的关联在 SEP 中比在 SOC 和 GAD 中更为明显。尽管大多数焦虑青年都接受了专业帮助，但在年龄较小的群体中，这种情况不太可能发生。
年轻人的社交、分离和广泛性焦虑障碍较为常见且具有一定的危害性，且共病率较高。社会环境相关性既有共同点，也有差异。大多数焦虑的青年都接受了某种形式的专业帮助，尽管儿童群体的接受率低于青少年群体。
