Muller M, Sánchez R M, Suswillo R R
National Institute of Physical Planning, Maputo, Mozambique.
J Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Feb;92(1):10-6.
Soil samples were analysed for the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs as indicators of environmental pollution in household yards in Maputo, Mozambique, with the objective of evaluating the impact of a programme for the promotion of improved latrine construction. The locations for soil sample collection were defined by a random grid on which household activities were mapped. In addition, parasitological examinations were carried out amongst household residents. No significant difference was found between the type of latrine in use and the presence of Ascaris eggs in the soil or human Ascaris infection. Households with at least one infected person appeared more likely to have Ascaris eggs in the yard. It was notable that egg counts around the latrines were only slightly greater than in other areas of the yard and less than those immediately in front of the dwelling. This is taken to indicate that faecal pollution of the household environment is due more to promiscuous defecation than to poor construction or maintenance of the latrines. The findings highlight the need to complement sanitation 'hardware' with the necessary health education 'software'. Ascaris eggs are useful indicators but robust standardized methods are needed for their extraction from household soils.
对莫桑比克马普托家庭庭院土壤样本进行分析，检测是否存在蛔虫卵，以此作为环境污染指标，目的是评估一项促进改善厕所建设项目的影响。土壤样本采集地点由一个随机网格确定，在该网格上绘制了家庭活动情况。此外，还对家庭居民进行了寄生虫学检查。使用的厕所类型与土壤中蛔虫卵的存在或人体蛔虫感染之间未发现显著差异。至少有一名感染者的家庭，其庭院中出现蛔虫卵的可能性似乎更大。值得注意的是，厕所周围的虫卵计数仅略高于庭院其他区域，且低于住宅正前方区域。这表明家庭环境中的粪便污染更多是由于随意排便，而非厕所建设或维护不善。研究结果凸显了用必要的健康教育“软件”补充卫生设施“硬件”的必要性。蛔虫卵是有用的指标，但需要强大的标准化方法从家庭土壤中提取蛔虫卵。
