Franco Fernando Faria, Jojima Cecília Leiko, Perez Manolo Fernandez, Zappi Daniela Cristina, Taylor Nigel, Moraes Evandro Marsola
Departamento de Biologia Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas Universidade Federal de São Carlos Sorocaba Brazil.
Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Coord. Botânica/Instituto Tecnológico Vale Belém do Pará Brazil.
Ecol Evol. 2017 Oct 4;7(22):9281-9293. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3458. eCollection 2017 Nov.
In order to investigate biogeographic influences on xeric biota in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), a biodiversity hotspot, we used a monophyletic group including three cactus taxa as a model to perform a phylogeographic study: subsp. , subsp. , and . These cacti are allopatric and grow in xeric habitats along BAF, including isolated granite and gneiss rock outcrops (Inselbergs), sand dune vegetation (Restinga forest), and the rocky shore of an oceanic archipelago (islands of Fernando de Noronha). The nucleotide information from nuclear gene and plastid intergenic spacer was used to perform different approaches and statistical analyses, comprising population structure, demographic changes, phylogenetic relationships, and biogeographic reconstruction in both spatial and temporal scales. We recovered four allopatric population groups with highly supported branches in the phylogenetic tree with divergence initiated in the middle Pleistocene: southern distribution of subsp. , northern distribution of subsp. together with , southern distribution of subsp. , and northern distribution of subsp. . Further, the results suggest that genetic diversity of population groups was strongly shaped by an initial colonization event from south to north followed by fragmentation. The phylogenetic pattern found for is plausible with peripatric speciation in the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha. To explain the phylogeographic patterns, the putative effects of both climatic and sea level changes as well as neotectonic activity during the Pleistocene are discussed.
为了研究生物地理对巴西大西洋森林（一个生物多样性热点地区）旱生生物群的影响，我们使用了一个包括三个仙人掌分类群的单系类群作为模型进行系统发育地理学研究： 亚种、 亚种和 。这些仙人掌分布不重叠，生长在巴西大西洋森林沿岸的旱生生境中，包括孤立的花岗岩和片麻岩露头（岛山）、沙丘植被（滨海森林）以及一个海洋群岛（费尔南多·迪诺罗尼亚群岛）的岩石海岸。利用来自核基因 和质体基因间隔区 的核苷酸信息进行了不同的分析和统计分析，包括种群结构、种群动态变化、系统发育关系以及时空尺度上的生物地理重建。我们在系统发育树中恢复了四个分布不重叠的种群组，其分支得到了高度支持，分歧始于中更新世： 亚种的南部分布、 亚种与 的北部分布、 亚种的南部分布以及 亚种的北部分布。此外，结果表明，种群组的遗传多样性在很大程度上是由一次从南到北的初始殖民事件，随后是种群碎片化所塑造的。在费尔南多·迪诺罗尼亚群岛发现的 系统发育模式与周边隔离物种形成是合理的。为了解释系统发育地理学模式，我们讨论了更新世期间气候和海平面变化以及新构造活动的假定影响。
