Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Strength Training Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Felizardo Street, 750 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90690-200, Brazil.
Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018 Aug;30(8):889-899. doi: 10.1007/s40520-017-0863-z. Epub 2017 Nov 29.
Exercise is one of the most important components in frailty prevention and treatment. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the effect of resistance training (RT) alone or combined with multimodal exercise intervention on muscle hypertrophy, maximal strength, power output, functional performance, and falls incidence in physically frail elderly.
MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from 2005 to 2017. Studies must have mentioned the effects of RT (i.e., included or not in multimodal training) on at least one of the following parameters: muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle power, functional capacity, and risk of falls in frail elderly.
The initial search identified 371 studies and 16 were used for qualitative analysis for describing the effect of strength training performed alone or in a multimodal exercise intervention. We observed that RT alone or in a multimodal training may induce increases of 6.6-37% in maximal strength; 3.4-7.5% in muscle mass, 8.2% in muscle power, 4.7-58.1% in functional capacity and risk of falls, although some studies did not show enhancements.
Frequency of 1-6 sessions per week, training volume of 1-3 sets of 6-15 repetitions and intensity of 30-70%1-RM promoted significant enhancements on muscle strength, muscle power, and functional outcomes. Therefore, in agreement with previous studies, we suggest that supervised and controlled RT represents an effective intervention in frailty treatment.
运动是预防和治疗虚弱的最重要因素之一。因此，我们系统地综述了单独的抗阻训练（RT）或与多模式运动干预相结合对肌肉肥大、最大力量、功率输出、功能表现和虚弱老年人跌倒发生率的影响。
从 2005 年至 2017 年，我们检索了 MEDLINE、Cochrane 中心、PEDro 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库。研究必须提到 RT（即是否包含在多模式训练中）对以下至少一个参数的影响：肌肉质量、肌肉力量、肌肉功率、功能能力和虚弱老年人跌倒的风险。
最初的搜索确定了 371 项研究，其中 16 项用于定性分析，以描述单独进行的力量训练或多模式运动干预的效果。我们观察到，单独进行 RT 或多模式训练可能会使最大力量增加 6.6-37%；肌肉质量增加 3.4-7.5%；肌肉力量增加 8.2%；功能能力和跌倒风险增加 4.7-58.1%，尽管有些研究没有显示出增强效果。
每周 1-6 次、1-3 组 6-15 次重复、30-70%1-RM 强度的训练频率可显著增强肌肉力量、肌肉功率和功能结果。因此，与之前的研究一致，我们建议监督和控制的 RT 是虚弱治疗的有效干预措施。
