a Institute of Health and Society , Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium.
b Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC) , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
Subst Use Misuse. 2018 May 12;53(6):998-1007. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1392976. Epub 2017 Nov 30.
Other-sex friendship (girls with boy friends, boys with girl friends) has been associated with substance use, but how the gender composition of schools influences substance use has not been known.
We analyzed the influence of other-sex friendship on substance use and took into account the proportion of each gender group at the schools, and hypothesized that other-sex friendship is associated with higher levels of substance use and that schools with a majority of males have higher levels of use than female-majority schools.
In 2013, a social network survey was carried out in six European cities. In each city, schools were selected and 11,015 adolescents (aged 14-16) were recruited (participation rate = 79.4%). We collected data on smoking, binge drinking, cannabis use, and peer group composition.
Other-sex friendship was associated with smoking, binge drinking, and cannabis use for girls and with smoking for boys. Substance use was more frequent in schools with a majority of males. Conclusions/Importance: Adolescent girls are best protected from substance use if they are in gender-balanced schools, but in same-sex friendship. This offers new perspectives on gender mixing at school. In schools with a majority of boys, more attention should be paid to girls, and gender-specific health promotion programs should be implemented. This European study is the first to take into account both individual (other-sex friendship) and contextual (gender composition of schools) gender interactions. It confirms previous studies on other-sex friendship, while shedding light on the influence of gender-normative contexts on substance use.
与异性朋友（有男/女朋友的女孩，有女/男朋友的男孩）交往与物质使用有关，但学校中异性朋友的性别构成如何影响物质使用还不得而知。
我们分析了异性友谊对物质使用的影响，并考虑了学校中每个性别群体的比例，假设异性友谊与更高水平的物质使用有关，且男生为主导的学校比女生为主导的学校物质使用水平更高。
2013 年，在六个欧洲城市进行了一项社交网络调查。在每个城市中选择了学校，并招募了 11015 名青少年（年龄 14-16 岁）（参与率=79.4%）。我们收集了关于吸烟、狂饮、大麻使用和同伴群体组成的数据。
异性友谊与女孩的吸烟、狂饮和大麻使用以及男孩的吸烟有关。在男生为主导的学校中，物质使用更为频繁。结论/重要性：如果少女处于性别平衡的学校环境中，最好能避免与异性交往，而是与同性朋友交往，这可以更好地保护她们免受物质使用的影响。这为学校中的性别混合提供了新的视角。在男生为主导的学校中，应更加关注女生，并实施针对特定性别的健康促进计划。这项欧洲研究首次考虑了个体（异性友谊）和情境（学校的性别构成）的性别相互作用。它证实了之前关于异性友谊的研究，同时也揭示了性别规范环境对物质使用的影响。
