Chávez-Gómez Nancy Libertad, Cabello-López Alejandro, Gopar-Nieto Rodrigo, Aguilar-Madrid Guadalupe, Marin-López Kennia Stephanie, Aceves-Valdez Maricruz, Jiménez-Ramírez Carmina, Cruz-Angulo María del Carmen, Juárez-Pérez Cuauhtémoc Arturo
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional "Lic. Adolfo López Mateos", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2017 Nov-Dec;55(6):725-734.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem in Mexico, causing 25% of deaths related to diabetes mellitus (DM) and 28% related to hypertensive heart disease. In 2008 CKD reached the highest incidence of end-stage renal disease in the world. Diabetes mellitus is the main risk factor associated with CKD in Mexican population; however, heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury have been associated to nephropathies. In Mexico there are still high levels of these compounds in occupational and environmental settings; therefore, chronic exposures to these metals persist. In this review we approach to the main mechanisms of action of these metals in the body and its renal effects, as well as information about the sources of exposure to these chemical risks, the relationship between exposure to heavy metals and CKD, coupled with the economic and social consequences of this disease.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）是墨西哥的一个公共卫生问题，导致25%的死亡与糖尿病（DM）相关，28%的死亡与高血压性心脏病相关。2008年，CKD达到了世界终末期肾病的最高发病率。糖尿病是墨西哥人群中与CKD相关的主要危险因素；然而，铅、砷、镉和汞等重金属已被证实与肾病有关。在墨西哥，职业和环境中这些化合物的含量仍然很高；因此，长期接触这些金属的情况依然存在。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了这些金属在体内的主要作用机制及其对肾脏的影响，以及这些化学风险的暴露源信息、重金属暴露与CKD之间的关系，以及这种疾病的经济和社会后果。
