Rehrig Gwendolyn, Stromswold Karin
a Department of Psychology , University of California , Davis, Davis , California , USA.
b Center for Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA.
J Genet Psychol. 2018 Jan-Feb;179(1):9-18. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2017.1392281. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
Human figure drawing tasks such as the Draw-a-Person test have long been used to assess intelligence (F. Goodenough, 1926). The authors investigate the skills tapped by drawing and the risk factors associated with poor drawing. Self-portraits of 345 preschool children were scored by raters trained in using the Draw-a-Person Intellectual Ability test (DAP:IQ) rubric (C. R. Reynolds & J. A. Hickman, 2004). Analyses of children's fine motor, gross motor, social, cognitive, and language skills revealed that only fine motor skill was an independent predictor of DAP:IQ scores. Being a boy and having a low birth weight were associated with lower DAP:IQ scores. These findings suggest that although the DAP:IQ may not be a valid measure of cognitive ability, it may be a useful screening tool for fine motor disturbances in at-risk children, such as boys who were born at low birth weights. Furthermore, researchers who use human figure drawing tasks to measure intelligence should measure fine motor skill in addition to intelligence.
诸如画人测验之类的人物绘画任务长期以来一直被用于评估智力（F. 古德伊纳夫，1926年）。作者们研究了绘画所涉及的技能以及与绘画不佳相关的风险因素。345名学龄前儿童的自画像由接受过使用画人智力能力测验（DAP:IQ）评分标准培训的评分者进行评分（C. R. 雷诺兹和J. A. 希克曼，2004年）。对儿童精细运动、大运动、社交、认知和语言技能的分析表明，只有精细运动技能是DAP:IQ分数的独立预测因素。身为男孩和低出生体重与较低的DAP:IQ分数相关。这些发现表明，尽管DAP:IQ可能不是认知能力的有效测量方法，但它可能是一种用于筛查高危儿童（如低出生体重男孩）精细运动障碍的有用工具。此外，使用人物绘画任务来测量智力的研究人员除了测量智力外，还应测量精细运动技能。
