Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
Bielefeld University, Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 1;7(1):16764. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17085-8.
Turkish Warty cabbage, Bunias orientalis L. (Brassicaceae) is a perennial herb known for its 250 years of invasion history into Europe and worldwide temperate regions. Putative centers of origin were debated to be located in Turkey, the Caucasus or Eastern Europe. Based on the genetic variation from the nuclear and plastid genomes, we identified two major gene pools in the Caucasian-Irano-Turanian region and close to the Northern Caucasus, respectively. These gene pools are old and started to diverge and expand approximately 930 kya in the Caucasus. Pleistocene glaciation and deglaciation cycles favoured later expansion of a European gene pool 230 kya, which was effectively separated from the Caucasian-Irano-Turanian gene pool. Although the European gene pool is genetically less diverse, it has largely served as source for colonization of Western and Northern Europe in modern times with rare observations of genetic contributions from the Caucasian-Irano-Turanian gene pool such as in North-East America. This study largely utilized herbarium material to take advantage of a biodiversity treasure trove providing biological material and also giving access to detailed collection information.
土耳其疣状甘蓝， Bunias orientalis L.（十字花科）是一种多年生草本植物，以其 250 年的入侵欧洲和世界温带地区的历史而闻名。假定的起源中心位于土耳其、高加索或东欧。基于核和质体基因组的遗传变异，我们在高加索-伊朗-图兰地区和靠近北高加索地区分别确定了两个主要的基因库。这些基因库很古老，大约在 930 千年前开始在高加索地区分化和扩张。更新世冰期和间冰期循环有利于欧洲基因库在 230 千年前的进一步扩张，这有效地将其与高加索-伊朗-图兰基因库分离。尽管欧洲基因库在遗传上多样性较低，但它在现代已成为欧洲西部和北部殖民化的主要来源，而来自高加索-伊朗-图兰基因库的遗传贡献则很少见，如在北美东北部。本研究主要利用植物标本馆的材料，利用生物多样性的宝库，提供生物材料，并获取详细的收集信息。
