Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N M, Wellens H J, Piek J J
AMC Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sports Medical Center Papendal Arnhem, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Neth Heart J. 2018 Jan;26(1):21-25. doi: 10.1007/s12471-017-1061-5.
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in athletes is an unexpected life-threatening event, which is often not recognised early and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not always initiated immediately. We describe key features to rapidly recognise non-traumatic SCA in athletes during sports activity.
We reviewed videos and images of athletes suffering from non-traumatic SCA during sports activity. We searched Google images, Google videos and YouTube.com using the keywords 'sudden cardiac death athlete' and 'resuscitation athlete'. We analysed (1) the athlete's performance before syncope, (2) the athlete's performance at the start of syncope, (3) the position of the body, and (4) the athlete's facial expressions before CPR. We analysed our data by describing these four features to answer our research question.
We analysed the sequence of events in six well-known soccer players in whom a camera-witnessed non-traumatic SCA occurred during their athletic activity. All six athletes showed no changes before syncope. Four became unstable while standing and unexpectedly collapsed falling on their back. Two suddenly 'dropped dead' and fell face down. All six had their eyes wide open with a fixed gaze and fixed pupils.
Sudden unexpected loss of consciousness in an athlete in action and a fixed gaze eye position are key features of SCA. Immediate cardiac massage should follow. The described features to immediately recognise SCA in athletes during sports activity should be taught to everyone involved in athletic activity leading to earlier recognition of SCA followed by earlier CPR.
运动员心脏骤停（SCA）是一种意想不到的危及生命的事件，通常不能早期识别，心肺复苏（CPR）也并非总是能立即启动。我们描述了在体育活动期间快速识别运动员非创伤性SCA的关键特征。
我们回顾了运动员在体育活动中发生非创伤性SCA的视频和图像。我们使用关键词“运动员心源性猝死”和“运动员复苏”在谷歌图片、谷歌视频和YouTube.com上进行搜索。我们分析了：（1）晕厥前运动员的表现，（2）晕厥开始时运动员的表现，（3）身体位置，以及（4）进行心肺复苏前运动员的面部表情。我们通过描述这四个特征来分析数据，以回答我们的研究问题。
我们分析了六名知名足球运动员在体育活动中发生的有摄像头见证的非创伤性SCA的事件序列。所有六名运动员在晕厥前均无变化。四名运动员站立时变得不稳定，意外向后倒下。两名运动员突然“倒地身亡”，脸朝下摔倒。所有六名运动员眼睛都睁得很大，目光固定，瞳孔散大。
运动中的运动员突然意外失去意识和固定的凝视眼位是心脏骤停的关键特征。应立即进行心脏按摩。应向所有参与体育活动的人传授在体育活动期间立即识别运动员心脏骤停的所述特征，以便更早地识别心脏骤停并尽早进行心肺复苏。
