Chevalier Quentin, El Hadri Hind, Petitjean Patrice, Bouhnik-Le Coz Martine, Reynaud Stéphanie, Grassl Bruno, Gigault Julien
Laboratoire Géosciences Rennes, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue Général Leclerc, Campus Beaulieu, Bât 15, 35000, Rennes, France.
Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2 Avenue P. Angot, Technopôle Hélioparc, 64000, Pau, France.
Chemosphere. 2018 Mar;194:125-130. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.158. Epub 2017 Nov 27.
Cigarette butts (CGB) are equivalent to plastic litter in terms of number of pieces released directly into the environment. Due to their small size and social use, CGB are commonly found in natural systems, and several questions have been raised concerning the contaminants that are released with CGB, including metals, organic species, and nanoparticles. The aim of the present study is to investigate the release of nanoscale particles from CGB by leaching with rainwater. After seven days of passive stirring of both smoked and unsmoked CGB in synthetic rainwater, the solutions were treated and analyzed by specific nano-analytical methods. Our results demonstrate the release of 4.12 ± 0.24% (w/CGB) organic carbon in the range of 10 nm up to 400 nm and with a z-average diameter of 202.4 ± 74.1 nm. The fractal dimension (D) of the nanoscale particles ranges from 1.14 to 1.52 and suggests a soot (carbon)-based composition. The analysis of some metallic species (As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, Al, Mn, Zn, and Fe) shows that these species are essentially attached to the nanoscale particles per gram of carbon released. By considering the diffusion of the nanomaterials into different environmental compartments, our results suggest a new emerging and global contamination of the environment by cigarette butts, comparable to plastic litter, which urgently needs to be considered.
就直接释放到环境中的碎片数量而言，烟头等同于塑料垃圾。由于其体积小且被广泛使用，烟头在自然系统中很常见，人们对随烟头释放的污染物提出了几个问题，包括金属、有机物质和纳米颗粒。本研究的目的是通过用雨水浸出法研究烟头中纳米级颗粒的释放情况。在合成雨水中对吸过的和未吸过的烟头进行七天的被动搅拌后，对溶液进行处理并用特定的纳米分析方法进行分析。我们的结果表明，释放出了4.12±0.24%（重量/烟头）的有机碳，其粒径范围为10纳米至400纳米，z平均直径为202.4±74.1纳米。纳米级颗粒的分形维数（D）在1.14至1.52之间，表明其成分以烟灰（碳）为主。对一些金属物种（砷、铅、镉、铜、镍、铬、钴、铝、锰、锌和铁）的分析表明，每释放一克碳，这些物种基本上都附着在纳米级颗粒上。考虑到纳米材料向不同环境隔室的扩散，我们的结果表明，烟头对环境造成了一种新出现的全球性污染，与塑料垃圾相当，这一问题亟待关注。
