An animal model of reconstruction of single femoral tunnel with single bone bi-quadruple ACL and internal fixation.

We introduced several variables in an animal model of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to determine the best parameters for surgery in humans. We divided 130 LYD pigs into two groups depending on whether the femoral tunnel goes through the medial tibial tunnel or through the medial fossa of the knee joint. Each subgroup was further divided. Four weeks after surgery the knee specimens were examined for passive flexion and extension test. No group showed a creep effect. In the biomechanical tests, we recorded maximal strength, maximum load, and stiffness parameters. The 100° + 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm positions of the tibial tunnel group, and 10.5 (1.5) + 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm positions of the knee joint cavity group had better biomechanical effects, histocompatibility and revascularization in ACL reconstruction. Overall, these results demonstrated significant differences in the effectiveness of ACL reconstruction based on several surgical parameters, which should contribute to establishing a gold standard for ACL surgery in patients.