Borges Juliano H, Hunter Gary R, Silva Analiza M, Cirolini Vagner X, Langer Raquel D, Páscoa Mauro A, Guerra-Júnior Gil, Gonçalves Ezequiel M
Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil -
Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019 Jan;59(1):94-101. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.08066-5. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
To analyze the association between a 34-week military training on body composition, physical fitness and compensatory changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) recognized as adaptive thermogenesis (AT). We also explored if regional body composition changes were related to AT.
Twenty-nine male army cadets, aged 17 to 22 years were tested at baseline (T0) and after 34-weeks military training (T1). Physical training was performed 5 days/week during 90 minutes/day. Measurements included body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; physical fitness by 3000-m running, pull-up, 50-m freestyle swimming, push-up and sit-up tests; REE measured by indirect calorimetry (REEm) and predicted from fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and ethnicity at T0 (REEp). %AT was calculated using values at T1: 100(REEm/REEp-1); and AT (kcal/day) as %AT/100 multiplied by baseline REEm.
Physical training was associated with increases of lean soft tissue (LST) (∆1.2±1.3 kg), FM (∆1.4±1.3 kg), FFM (∆1.2±1.3 kg) and physical fitness (P<0.01), but no REE changes (∆59.6±168.9 kcal/day) and AT were observed (P>0.05). Though a large variability was found, AT was partially explained by trunk LST (r2=0.17, P=0.027). Individuals showing a higher AT response demonstrated a higher trunk LST increase (∆0.8±0.7 kg, P<0.05).
The military training increased LST, FM, FFM and physical fitness. Though no mean changes in AT occurred, a large individual variability was observed with some participants increasing REE beyond the expected body composition changes, suggesting a spendthrift phenotype. Changes of trunk LST may play an important role in the AT response observed in these individuals.
分析为期34周的军事训练与身体成分、体能以及静息能量消耗（REE）代偿性变化（即适应性产热，AT）之间的关联。我们还探讨了身体局部成分变化是否与AT相关。
对29名年龄在17至22岁的男性军校学员在基线期（T0）和34周军事训练后（T1）进行测试。每周训练5天，每天训练90分钟。测量项目包括通过双能X线吸收法测定身体成分；通过3000米跑步、引体向上、50米自由泳、俯卧撑和仰卧起坐测试评估体能；通过间接测热法测量REE（REEm），并根据T0时的去脂体重（FFM）、脂肪量（FM）和种族预测REE（REEp）。使用T1时的值计算%AT：100×（REEm/REEp - 1）；AT（千卡/天）为%AT/100乘以基线REEm。
体能训练与瘦软组织（LST）增加（Δ1.2±1.3千克）、FM增加（Δ1.4±1.3千克）、FFM增加（Δ1.2±1.3千克）和体能增强相关（P<0.01），但未观察到REE变化（Δ59.6±168.9千卡/天）和AT（P>0.05）。尽管存在较大变异性，但AT部分可由躯干LST解释（r2 = 0.17，P = 0.027）。显示出较高AT反应的个体躯干LST增加更高（Δ0.8±0.7千克，P<0.05）。
军事训练增加了LST、FM、FFM和体能。尽管AT没有出现平均变化，但观察到较大的个体变异性，一些参与者的REE增加超过了预期的身体成分变化，提示存在一种挥霍型表型。躯干LST的变化可能在这些个体观察到的AT反应中起重要作用。
