Mao Sai, Wang Mingshu, Ou Xumin, Sun Di, Cheng Anchun, Zhu Dekang, Chen Shun, Jia Renyong, Liu Mafeng, Sun Kunfeng, Yang Qiao, Wu Ying, Zhao Xinxin, Chen Xiaoyue
Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Front Immunol. 2017 Nov 16;8:1574. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01574. eCollection 2017.
Duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) infection in mature ducks has previously been proposed as a small-animal model for human hepatitis A. However, basic research on the outcome of DHAV-1 infection in mature ducks is limited. Here, we examined the course of viremia, the characteristics of antibody responses, and the profiles of plasma cytokines in mature ducks infected with DHAV-1. During the course of infection, the viremia was detectable soon after infection and persisted for 196 days, however, the ducks presented as clinically asymptomatic. Specific and timely immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA1 responses were elicited. At the same time, extensive inhibition of viral replication was observed with increasing IgG concentration. With respect to pattern-recognition receptors, was mainly involved in triggering the innate defense against the DHAV-1 infection. In addition, plasma immune analytes were measured and were determined to have bidirectional roles in virus clearance. It was concluded that DHAV-1 spreads quickly in blood. The spontaneous clearance of DHAV-1 during asymptomatic infection in mature ducks depends on the cooperation of timely antibody responses and alert innate immune responses. Moreover, the delayed clearance may be associated with a weak interferon-γ-producing CD8+ T cell response. This study allows us to reveal the mechanism of clearance and persistence of DHAV-1 infection in mature ducks. We anticipate that it will provide a basis for future studies focused on defining the nature mechanisms involved in the clearance and persistence of human hepatitis virus.
鸭甲型肝炎病毒1型（DHAV-1）感染成年鸭先前已被提议作为人类甲型肝炎的小动物模型。然而，关于成年鸭感染DHAV-1结果的基础研究有限。在此，我们研究了感染DHAV-1的成年鸭的病毒血症过程、抗体反应特征和血浆细胞因子谱。在感染过程中，感染后不久即可检测到病毒血症，并持续196天，然而，这些鸭表现为临床无症状。引发了特异性且及时的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、IgM和IgA1反应。同时，随着IgG浓度的增加，观察到病毒复制受到广泛抑制。关于模式识别受体，主要参与触发针对DHAV-1感染的先天防御。此外，对血浆免疫分析物进行了检测，并确定其在病毒清除中具有双向作用。得出的结论是，DHAV-1在血液中传播迅速。成年鸭无症状感染期间DHAV-1的自发清除取决于及时的抗体反应和活跃的先天免疫反应的协同作用。此外，清除延迟可能与产生干扰素-γ的CD8+T细胞反应较弱有关。这项研究使我们能够揭示成年鸭中DHAV-1感染的清除和持续机制。我们预计它将为未来专注于确定人类肝炎病毒清除和持续所涉及的自然机制的研究提供基础。
