青少年驾驶员在自然主义研究中对车辆仪表的认知。
Teen drivers' awareness of vehicle instrumentation in naturalistic research.
机构信息
Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
Health Behavior Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States.
出版信息
J Safety Res. 2017 Dec;63:127-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
INTRODUCTION
Naturalistic driving methods require the installation of instruments and cameras in vehicles to record driving behavior. A critical, yet unexamined issue in naturalistic driving research is the extent to which the vehicle instruments and cameras used for naturalistic methods change human behavior. We sought to describe the degree to which teenage participants' self-reported awareness of vehicle instrumentation changes over time, and whether that awareness was associated with driving behaviors.
METHOD
Forty-two newly-licensed teenage drivers participated in an 18-month naturalistic driving study. Data on driving behaviors including crash/near-crashes and elevated gravitational force (g-force) events rates were collected over the study period. At the end of the study, participants were asked to rate the extent to which they were aware of instruments in the vehicle at four time points. They were also asked to describe their own and their passengers' perceptions of the instrumentation in the vehicle during an in-depth interview. The number of critical event button presses was used as a secondary measure of camera awareness. The association between self-reported awareness of the instrumentation and objectively measured driving behaviors was tested using correlations and linear mixed models.
RESULTS
Most participants' reported that their awareness of vehicle instrumentation declined across the duration of the 18-month study. Their awareness increased in response to their passengers' concerns about the cameras or if they were involved in a crash. The number of the critical event button presses was initially high and declined rapidly. There was no correlation between driver's awareness of instrumentation and their crash and near-crash rate or elevated g-force events rate.
CONCLUSION
Awareness was not associated with crash and near-crash rates or elevated g-force event rates, consistent with having no effect on this measure of driving performance.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Naturalistic driving studies are likely to yield valid measurements of driving behavior.
简介
自然驾驶方法需要在车辆上安装仪器和摄像头来记录驾驶行为。自然驾驶研究中一个关键但尚未检验的问题是，用于自然驾驶方法的车辆仪器和摄像头在多大程度上改变了人类行为。我们旨在描述青少年参与者对车辆仪器的自我报告意识随时间的变化程度，以及这种意识是否与驾驶行为有关。
方法
42 名新获得驾照的青少年驾驶员参加了一项为期 18 个月的自然驾驶研究。在研究期间收集了包括碰撞/险些碰撞和高重力（g 力）事件率在内的驾驶行为数据。在研究结束时，参与者被要求在四个时间点上对他们对车辆仪器的感知程度进行评分。他们还被要求在深入访谈中描述他们自己和乘客对车辆仪器的看法。按下关键事件按钮的次数被用作相机意识的次要衡量标准。使用相关性和线性混合模型测试自我报告的仪器意识与客观测量的驾驶行为之间的关联。
结果
大多数参与者报告说，他们对车辆仪器的认识在 18 个月的研究期间逐渐下降。他们的意识在乘客对相机的担忧或他们发生碰撞时会增加。按下关键事件按钮的次数最初很高，然后迅速下降。驾驶员对仪器的意识与他们的碰撞和险些碰撞率或高 g 力事件率之间没有相关性。
结论
意识与碰撞和险些碰撞率或高 g 力事件率没有关联，这与对驾驶表现的这一衡量标准没有影响一致。
实用意义
自然驾驶研究可能会产生有效的驾驶行为测量值。
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