Redford Liz, Ratliff Kate A
a University of Florida, Florida, USA.
J Soc Psychol. 2018;158(6):744-766. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2017.1412933. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
The current research tests whether empathy-sharing others' emotions-and humanitarianism-recognizing the moral worth of all people-each predict moral responsiveness toward others but in ways that favor in-groups and out-groups, respectively. In Studies 1 and 2, empathy and humanitarianism differentially predicted preferential moral concern for in-groups and out-groups. In Study 3, humanitarianism predicted lower in-group-targeted prosociality and greater out-group prosociality. In Study 4, empathy and humanitarianism predicted perceived moral obligation to in-groups and out-groups respectively. In Study 5, out-group obligation mediated between humanitarianism and allocations to out-group charities, and in-group obligation mediated between empathy and one of two in-group charities. In sum, empathy and humanitarianism are associated with preferential morality via group-based obligation, suggesting that morality could be extended by altering empathy, humanitarianism, or group processes.
当前的研究检验了共情（分享他人的情感）和人道主义（认识到所有人的道德价值）是否分别以有利于内群体和外群体的方式预测对他人的道德反应。在研究1和研究2中，共情和人道主义分别以不同方式预测了对内群体和外群体的优先道德关注。在研究3中，人道主义预测了较低的针对内群体的亲社会行为和较高的针对外群体的亲社会行为。在研究4中，共情和人道主义分别预测了对内群体和外群体的道德义务感。在研究5中，对外群体的义务感在人道主义和对外群体慈善机构的分配之间起中介作用，对内群体的义务感在共情和两个内群体慈善机构之一的分配之间起中介作用。总之，共情和人道主义通过基于群体的义务感与优先道德相关联，这表明可以通过改变共情、人道主义或群体过程来扩展道德。
