Zabina Beegum, Singla Rajan Kumar, Sharma Ravi Kant, Bala Neelam
Junior Resident, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India.
J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Sep;11(9):AC15-AC19. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/27767.10675. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Coronary sinus (CS) is the largest vein draining the blood from heart. It is a muscular tube of about 2 cm to 3 cm length and 1 cm in caliber. It has become a clinically important structure through its role in providing access for different cardiac procedures viz., biventricular pacing, arrhythmia ablation and for deployment of an array of cardiac devices.
To study the location, shape, length and width of CS including its left atrial muscular coverage in 50 cadaveric hearts.
The present study comprised of 50 adult human apparently normal formalin fixed cadaveric hearts belonging to either sex obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India. Location and shape of CS were noted, external and internal lengths of the CS were measured with the help of a thread and Vernier caliper. Width of CS was measured at three levels; at the beginning, at the point of entry of Middle Cardiac Vein (MCV) and at termination in right atrium. The walls of CS were examined to note whether they were covered by the muscles of left atrium or not. Descriptive analysis was done to calculate range, mean and Standard Deviation (SD) by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 17.0.
CS was located in the posterior atrioventricular sulcus in 98%. Two shapes; funnel in 82% and tubular/cylindrical in 18% were observed. External length of coronary sinus ranged from 20.5 mm to 58.78 mm (mean 38.22±8.6 mm) and internal length ranged from 16.28 mm to 49.6 mm (mean 34.48±8.9 mm). Maximum width of coronary sinus was at its termination (9.61±2.6 mm) and it was covered by muscles of left atrium in 96% of hearts.
CS is a constant structure in cardiac venous anatomy but its location, shape, length and width are variable. Knowing these variations can help cardiac surgeons especially during cardiac resynchronization therapy, ablation and defibrillation.
冠状窦（CS）是引流心脏血液的最大静脉。它是一根肌性管道，长约2厘米至3厘米，管径1厘米。通过在不同心脏手术（即双心室起搏、心律失常消融以及一系列心脏装置的植入）中提供通路，它已成为临床上的重要结构。
研究50颗尸体心脏中冠状窦的位置、形状、长度和宽度，包括其左心房肌覆盖情况。
本研究包括50颗来自印度阿姆利则政府医学院解剖学系的成年男女看似正常的福尔马林固定尸体心脏。记录冠状窦的位置和形状，借助丝线和游标卡尺测量冠状窦的外部和内部长度。在三个水平测量冠状窦的宽度：起始处、心中静脉（MCV）汇入点以及右心房内的终止处。检查冠状窦壁以注意其是否被左心房肌覆盖。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）17.0进行描述性分析以计算范围、均值和标准差（SD）。
98%的冠状窦位于后房室沟。观察到两种形状：82%为漏斗形，18%为管状/圆柱形。冠状窦的外部长度范围为20.5毫米至58.78毫米（平均38.22±8.6毫米），内部长度范围为16.28毫米至49.6毫米（平均34.48±8.9毫米）。冠状窦的最大宽度在其终止处（9.61±2.6毫米），96%的心脏中其被左心房肌覆盖。
冠状窦是心脏静脉解剖中的恒定结构，但其位置、形状、长度和宽度存在变异。了解这些变异对心脏外科医生尤其在心脏再同步治疗、消融和除颤过程中有所帮助。
