城市青春期女孩中感知到的身体意象差异的人口统计学差异及其相关因素：一项横断面研究
Demographic differences in and correlates of perceived body image discrepancy among urban adolescent girls: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Robbins Lorraine B, Ling Jiying, Resnicow Kenneth
机构信息
College of Nursing, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
出版信息
BMC Pediatr. 2017 Dec 6;17(1):201. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0952-3.
BACKGROUND
Understanding factors related to girls' body image discrepancy, which is the difference between self-perceived current or actual and ideal body size, is important for addressing body-related issues and preventing adverse sequelae. Two aims were to: 1) examine demographic differences in body image discrepancy; and 2) determine the association of body image discrepancy with weight status, percent body fat, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cardiovascular (CV) fitness among young adolescent girls.
METHODS
The cross-sectional study included a secondary analysis of baseline data from a group randomized controlled trial including 1519 5th-8th grade girls in 24 U.S. schools. Girls completed physical activity and sedentary behavior surveys. To indicate perceived current/actual and ideal body image, girls selected from nine body figures the one that represented how they look now and another showing how they want to look. Girls wore accelerometers measuring physical activity. Height, weight, and percent body fat were assessed. The Progressive Aerobic CV Endurance Run was used to estimate CV fitness. Independent t-test, one- and two-way ANOVA, correlational analyses, and hierarchical linear regressions were performed.
RESULTS
The majority (67.5%; n = 1023) chose a smaller ideal than current/actual figure. White girls had higher body image discrepancy than Black girls (p = .035). Body image discrepancy increased with increasing weight status (F = 171.32, p < .001). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity were negatively correlated with body image discrepancy (r = -.10, p < .001; r = -.14, p < .001, respectively), but correlations were not significant after adjusting for race and body mass index (BMI), respectively. Body image discrepancy was moderately correlated with CV fitness (r = -.55, p < .001). After adjusting for demographics, percent body fat, but not CV fitness or MVPA, influenced body image discrepancy. Girls with higher percent body fat had higher body image discrepancy (p < .001).
CONCLUSION
This study provided important information to guide interventions for promoting a positive body image among girls.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01503333 , registration date: January 4, 2012.
背景
了解与女孩身体意象差异相关的因素很重要，身体意象差异是指自我感知的当前或实际身体尺寸与理想身体尺寸之间的差异，这对于解决与身体相关的问题和预防不良后果至关重要。本研究有两个目的：1）研究身体意象差异的人口统计学差异；2）确定年轻青春期女孩的身体意象差异与体重状况、体脂百分比、身体活动、久坐行为和心血管（CV）健康之间的关联。
方法
这项横断面研究对一项群组随机对照试验的基线数据进行了二次分析，该试验纳入了美国24所学校的1519名五至八年级女孩。女孩们完成了身体活动和久坐行为调查。为了表明她们感知到的当前/实际身体意象和理想身体意象，女孩们从九个身体图形中选择一个代表她们现在的样子，另一个代表她们想要的样子。女孩们佩戴加速度计来测量身体活动。评估了身高、体重和体脂百分比。采用渐进式有氧心血管耐力跑评估心血管健康状况。进行了独立样本t检验、单因素和双因素方差分析、相关性分析以及分层线性回归分析。
结果
大多数（67.5%；n = 1023）女孩选择的理想身体图形比当前/实际身体图形小。白人女孩的身体意象差异高于黑人女孩（p = 0.035）。身体意象差异随着体重状况的增加而增加（F = 171.32，p < 0.001）。中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）和剧烈身体活动与身体意象差异呈负相关（r = -0.10，p < 0.001；r = -0.14，p < 0.001），但在分别调整种族和体重指数（BMI）后，相关性不显著。身体意象差异与心血管健康呈中度相关（r = -0.55，p < 0.001）。在调整人口统计学、体脂百分比后，体脂百分比而非心血管健康或MVPA影响身体意象差异。体脂百分比更高的女孩身体意象差异更大（p < 0.001）。
结论
本研究为指导促进女孩积极身体意象的干预措施提供了重要信息。
试验注册
ClinicalTrials.gov标识符NCT01503333，注册日期：2012年1月4日。
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