Dickie Kasha, Micklesfield Lisa K, Chantler Sarah, Lambert Estelle V, Goedecke Julia H
1 Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa .
2 MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa .
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2016 Feb;14(1):23-32. doi: 10.1089/met.2015.0064. Epub 2015 Nov 13.
Low levels of physical activity, poor cardiorespiratory fitness, and a sedentary lifestyle have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Few studies have examined their independent associations in an urban black sub-Saharan African population.
To examine the independent associations of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and sedentary time on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors for CVD and T2D in black South African women.
A subsample (n = 76; 18-45 years) was recruited, as part of a cross-sectional study. Accelerometry, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, and blood pressure were measured.
Light- but not moderate- to vigorous intensity physical activity was inversely associated with trunk fat mass (r = -0.25, P = 0.03). Sedentary time was associated with triglyceride (TG) (r = 0.36, P = 0.01) and TG/HDL-C (r = 0.34, P = 0.04), and these relationships were independent of body fat. Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with body fat % (r = -0.34, P = 0.02), central fat mass (r = -0.31, P = 0.03), visceral adipose tissue (VAT, r = -0.47, P < 0.01), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; r = -0.41, P = 0.01). The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and HOMA-IR was independent of body fat and physical activity, but not VAT. Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with sedentary time (r = -0.31, P = 0.03), but not with any of the physical activity variables (P > 0.05).
Both physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with reduced total and central fat mass, VAT, and reduced cardiometabolic risk for CVD and T2D. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm whether the promotion of increasing light physical activity, while reducing sedentary time and increasing cardiorespiratory fitness, reduces the risk for obesity, CVD and T2D.
低水平的体力活动、较差的心肺适能和久坐的生活方式与心血管疾病（CVD）和2型糖尿病（T2D）风险增加有关。很少有研究在撒哈拉以南非洲城市黑人人群中考察它们之间的独立关联。
考察体力活动、心肺适能和久坐时间对南非黑人女性身体成分以及CVD和T2D的心血管代谢危险因素的独立关联。
作为一项横断面研究的一部分，招募了一个子样本（n = 76；18 - 45岁）。测量了加速度计数据、心肺适能、身体成分、胰岛素敏感性、血脂和血压。
轻度而非中度至剧烈强度的体力活动与躯干脂肪量呈负相关（r = -0.25，P = 0.03）。久坐时间与甘油三酯（TG）（r = 0.36，P = 0.01）和TG/HDL - C（r = 0.34，P = 0.04）相关，且这些关系独立于体脂。心肺适能与体脂百分比（r = -0.34，P = 0.02）、中心脂肪量（r = -0.31，P = 0.03）、内脏脂肪组织（VAT，r = -0.47，P < 0.01）和胰岛素抵抗（HOMA - IR；r = -0.41，P = 0.01）呈负相关。心肺适能与HOMA - IR之间的关联独立于体脂和体力活动，但不独立于VAT。心肺适能与久坐时间呈负相关（r = -0.31，P = 0.03），但与任何体力活动变量均无关联（P > 0.05）。
体力活动和心肺适能均与总脂肪量和中心脂肪量减少、VAT减少以及CVD和T2D的心血管代谢风险降低有关。需要进行纵向研究以确认增加轻度体力活动、减少久坐时间和提高心肺适能是否能降低肥胖、CVD和T2D的风险。
