College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
College of Life Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China.
J Hum Genet. 2018 Feb;63(2):231-238. doi: 10.1038/s10038-017-0357-z. Epub 2017 Dec 5.
The Mongol Empire had a significant role in shaping the landscape of modern populations. Many populations living in Eurasia may have been the product of population mixture between ancient Mongolians and natives following the expansion of Mongol Empire. Geneticists have found that most of these populations carried the Y-haplogroup C3* (C-M217). To trace the history of haplogroup (Hg) C3* and to further understand the origin and development of Mongolians, ancient human remains from the Jinggouzi, Chenwugou and Gangga archaeological sites, which belonged to the Donghu, Xianbei and Shiwei, respectively, were analysed. Our results show that nine of the eleven males of the Gangga site, two of the eight males of Chengwugou site and all of the twelve males of Jinggouzi site were found to have mutations at M130 (Hg C), M217 (Hg C3), L1373 (C2b, ISOGG2015), with the absence of mutations at M93 (Hg C3a), P39 (Hg C3b), M48 (Hg C3c), M407 (Hg C3d) and P62 (Hg C3f). These samples were attributed to the Y-chromosome Hg C3* (Hg C2b, ISOGG2015), and most of them were further typed as Hg C2b1a based on the mutation at F3918. Finally, we inferred that the Y-chromosome Hg C3*-F3918 can trace its origins to the Donghu ancient nomadic group.
蒙古帝国在塑造现代人口格局方面发挥了重要作用。生活在欧亚大陆的许多人口可能是蒙古帝国扩张后古代蒙古人和当地人之间人口混合的产物。遗传学家发现，这些人群中的大多数携带 Y 单倍群 C3*（C-M217）。为了追溯单倍群（Hg）C3的历史，进一步了解蒙古人的起源和发展，对属于东湖、鲜卑和什卫的景沟子、陈五沟和岗嘎考古遗址的古代人类遗骸进行了分析。我们的研究结果表明，在岗嘎遗址的 11 名男性中有 9 名、在陈五沟遗址的 8 名男性中有 2 名、在景沟子遗址的 12 名男性中全部发生了 M130（Hg C）、M217（Hg C3）和 L1373（C2b，ISOGG2015）突变，而 M93（Hg C3a）、P39（Hg C3b）、M48（Hg C3c）、M407（Hg C3d）和 P62（Hg C3f）突变均未发生。这些样本被归类为 Y 染色体 Hg C3（Hg C2b，ISOGG2015），其中大多数根据 F3918 突变进一步被鉴定为 Hg C2b1a。最后，我们推断 Y 染色体 Hg C3*-F3918 的起源可以追溯到东湖古代游牧群体。
