Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, and the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Nutrients. 2017 Dec 6;9(12):1325. doi: 10.3390/nu9121325.
Many Americans have inadequate intakes of several nutrients. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 specifically identified vitamins A, C, D and E, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, choline and fiber as "underconsumed nutrients". Based on nationally representative data in 10,698 adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2009-2012, assessments were made of age-group differences in the impact of dietary supplements on nutrient intake and inadequacies. Compared to food alone, use of any dietary supplement plus food was associated with significantly ( < 0.01) higher intakes of 15-16 of 19 nutrients examined in all age groups; and significantly reduced rates of inadequacy for 10/17, 8/17 and 6/17 nutrients examined among individuals age ≥71, 51-70 and 19-50 years, respectively. Compared to the other age groups, older adults (≥71 years) had lower rates of inadequacy for iron and vitamins A, C, D and E, but higher rates for calcium. An increased prevalence of intakes above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level was seen for 8-9 of 13 nutrients, but were mostly less than 5% of the population. In conclusion, dietary supplement use is associated with increased micronutrient intake, decreased inadequacies, and slight increases in prevalence above the UL, with greater benefits seen among older adults.
许多美国人的几种营养素摄入量不足。2015-2020 年《美国人膳食指南》特别指出维生素 A、C、D 和 E、钙、镁、铁、钾、胆碱和纤维是“摄入不足的营养素”。基于 2009-2012 年国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）中 10698 名成年人的全国代表性数据，评估了膳食补充剂对营养素摄入和不足的影响在不同年龄组中的差异。与仅食物相比，使用任何膳食补充剂加食物与 19 种营养素中的 15-16 种的摄入量显著增加（<0.01）；与仅食物相比，在≥71 岁、51-70 岁和 19-50 岁的个体中，10/17、8/17 和 6/17 种营养素的不足率显著降低。与其他年龄组相比，老年人（≥71 岁）铁和维生素 A、C、D 和 E 的不足率较低，但钙的不足率较高。13 种营养素中有 8-9 种的摄入量超过可耐受最高摄入量（UL）的流行率增加，但大多数人群不足 5%。总之，膳食补充剂的使用与增加微量营养素的摄入、减少不足以及 UL 以上的流行率略有增加有关，老年人的获益更大。
