Esteban Jaime, Navas Enrique
Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, España.
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2018 Nov;36(9):586-592. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2017.10.008. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria are a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that can often cause human infection, although they may also be considered to be contaminants or colonisers on occasions. The management of these infections must necessarily take into account the identification of isolated species and their in vitro susceptibility testing (although not for all of them), as well as the characteristics of the patient, because these treatments are usually prolonged and must be carried out by experts in the management of these infections. Classically divided into slowly growing mycobacteria and rapidly growing mycobacteria, the treatment regimens and the antibiotics used are different for both groups. In addition, in certain circumstances, this treatment must necessarily be linked to other measures (removal of foreign bodies, surgery) in order to maximise the likelihood of curing the patient.
非结核分枝杆菌是一组异质性微生物，尽管在某些情况下也可能被视为污染物或定植菌，但它们常常可引起人类感染。这些感染的管理必须考虑分离出的菌种鉴定及其体外药敏试验（尽管并非对所有菌种都进行），以及患者的特征，因为这些治疗通常疗程较长，且必须由这些感染管理方面的专家来实施。传统上分为缓慢生长分枝杆菌和快速生长分枝杆菌，两组的治疗方案和使用的抗生素有所不同。此外，在某些情况下，这种治疗必须与其他措施（取出异物、手术）相结合，以最大程度提高治愈患者的可能性。
