Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
FASEB J. 2018 Apr;32(4):2110-2123. doi: 10.1096/fj.201700827R. Epub 2018 Jan 5.
Optimizing physical performance is a major goal in current physiology. However, basic understanding of combining high sprint and endurance performance is currently lacking. This study identifies critical determinants of combined sprint and endurance performance using multiple regression analyses of physiologic determinants at different biologic levels. Cyclists, including 6 international sprint, 8 team pursuit, and 14 road cyclists, completed a Wingate test and 15-km time trial to obtain sprint and endurance performance results, respectively. Performance was normalized to lean body mass to eliminate the influence of body size. Performance determinants were obtained from whole-body oxygen consumption, blood sampling, knee-extensor maximal force, muscle oxygenation, whole-muscle morphology, and muscle fiber histochemistry of musculus vastus lateralis. Normalized sprint performance was explained by percentage of fast-type fibers and muscle volume ( R = 0.65; P < 0.001) and normalized endurance performance by performance oxygen consumption ( V̇o), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and muscle oxygenation ( R = 0.92; P < 0.001). Combined sprint and endurance performance was explained by gross efficiency, performance V̇o, and likely by muscle volume and fascicle length ( P = 0.056; P = 0.059). High performance V̇o related to a high oxidative capacity, high capillarization × myoglobin, and small physiologic cross-sectional area ( R = 0.67; P < 0.001). Results suggest that fascicle length and capillarization are important targets for training to optimize sprint and endurance performance simultaneously.-Van der Zwaard, S., van der Laarse, W. J., Weide, G., Bloemers, F. W., Hofmijster, M. J., Levels, K., Noordhof, D. A., de Koning, J. J., de Ruiter, C. J., Jaspers, R. T. Critical determinants of combined sprint and endurance performance: an integrative analysis from muscle fiber to the human body.
优化身体表现是当前生理学的主要目标。然而，目前对于如何将短跑和耐力表现结合起来还缺乏基本的了解。本研究使用多变量回归分析不同生物学层次的生理决定因素，确定了短跑和耐力综合表现的关键决定因素。自行车运动员包括 6 名国际短跑运动员、8 名团体追逐赛运动员和 14 名公路自行车运动员，分别完成了一次瓦格纳测试和 15 公里计时赛，以获得短跑和耐力表现结果。表现结果经过去脂体重归一化，以消除体型大小的影响。通过全身耗氧量、血液取样、膝关节伸肌最大力量、肌肉氧合、整块肌肉形态和股外侧肌肌氧化学等方法获得表现决定因素。归一化的短跑表现由快型纤维百分比和肌肉体积解释（R = 0.65；P < 0.001），归一化的耐力表现由表现耗氧量（V̇o）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度和肌肉氧合解释（R = 0.92；P < 0.001）。短跑和耐力综合表现由总效率、表现 V̇o 和可能由肌肉体积和肌束长度解释（P = 0.056；P = 0.059）。高表现 V̇o 与高氧化能力、高毛细血管化×肌红蛋白和小生理横截面积有关（R = 0.67；P < 0.001）。结果表明，肌束长度和毛细血管化是同时优化短跑和耐力表现的重要训练目标。
