Frosch Matthias
Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2018 Feb;61(2):141-147. doi: 10.1007/s00103-017-2666-y.
According to European and German law, the medical education of physicians must take place in a scientific degree program at a university or under the supervision of a university. To keep up the ideal of a scientific degree program, various organizations and associations, such as the German Research Foundation, the German Council of Science and Humanities and the German Medical Faculty Association, see the need for an even stronger anchoring of academic learning content in the course of study. Traditionally, a scientific project, which is carried out during the studies, provides the basis for the Doctor of Medicine (Dr. med.) after graduation, although the research projects as a basis for medical degrees are currently not obligatory parts of the curricula. The number of medical students performing such research projects is significantly decreasing, thus they are missing major skills for working in science. To counteract these developments, faculties of medicine are currently developing model curricula including deepened scientific education. Despite these efforts, the German Association of Faculties of Medicine argues that the performance of research projects leading to the doctoral degree is most suitable for obtaining expertise in scientific work. According to recommendations by the German Council of Science on the requirements for quality assurance of graduation doctoral degree programs have been introduced. This and further measures, like MD/PhD programs or research-based additional study programs serving the scientific qualification of medical students, are the subject of this article.
根据欧洲和德国法律，医生的医学教育必须在大学的科学学位课程中进行，或在大学的监督下开展。为了维持科学学位课程的理想状态，德国研究基金会、德国科学与人文理事会以及德国医学院协会等各类组织和协会认为，有必要在学习过程中更深入地融入学术学习内容。传统上，学习期间开展的科研项目为毕业后获得医学博士学位（Dr. med.）奠定基础，尽管目前作为医学学位基础的研究项目并非课程的必修部分。进行此类研究项目的医学生数量正在显著减少，因此他们缺乏从事科研工作的关键技能。为应对这些情况，医学院目前正在制定包括深化科学教育在内的示范课程。尽管做出了这些努力，德国医学院协会认为，开展通向博士学位的研究项目最适合获取科研工作方面的专业知识。根据德国科学理事会的建议，已出台了关于毕业博士学位课程质量保证要求的规定。本文将探讨这一规定以及其他措施，如医学博士/哲学博士项目或为医学生提供科研资质的基于研究的额外学习项目。
