Bhar Ditipriya, Bhattacherjee Sharmistha, Mukherjee Abhijit, Sarkar Tapas Kumar, Dasgupta Samir
Senior Resident, Department of Community and Family Medicine, All Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, North Bengal Medical College, Sushrutanagar, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2017 Oct-Dec;61(4):248-253. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_345_16.
With the rapid expansion of urban population, provision of safe water and basic sanitation is becoming a challenge; especially in slums. This is adversely affecting the health of the people living in such areas.
The study was conducted to measure the proportion of households using improved drinking water and sanitation facilities and to determine the association between diarrhea in under-five children with water and sanitation facilities.
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 796 slum households in Siliguri from January to March 2016 by interviewing one member from each household using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire based on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program Core questions on drinking water and sanitation for household surveys.
A majority 733 (92.1%) of slum households used an improved drinking water source; 565 (71%) used public tap. About two-thirds (65.7%) household used improved sanitation facilities. About 15.8% households had reported diarrheal events in children in the previous month. Unimproved drinking water sources (AOR = 4.13; 1.91, 8.96), houses without piped water supply (AOR = 4.43; 1.31, 15.00), and latrines located outside houses (AOR = 3.61; 1.44, 9.07) were significantly associated with the diarrheal events in children.
The utilization of improved drinking water source was high but piped water connection and improved sanitary toilet used was low. Association between diarrheal events and type of drinking water sources and place of sanitation might suggest fecal contamination of water sources. Awareness generation through family-centered educational programs could improve the situation.
随着城市人口的迅速增长，提供安全饮用水和基本卫生设施正成为一项挑战；尤其是在贫民窟。这对生活在这些地区的人们的健康产生了不利影响。
开展该研究以测量使用改良饮用水和卫生设施的家庭比例，并确定五岁以下儿童腹泻与水和卫生设施之间的关联。
2016年1月至3月，在西里古里的796户贫民窟家庭中进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究，通过使用基于世卫组织/联合国儿童基金会关于家庭饮用水和卫生设施调查的联合监测方案核心问题预先设计和预测试的问卷，对每户一名成员进行访谈。
大多数733户（92.1%）贫民窟家庭使用改良饮用水源；565户（71%）使用公共水龙头。约三分之二（65.7%）的家庭使用改良卫生设施。约15.8%的家庭报告上个月其儿童有腹泻事件。未改良的饮用水源（调整后比值比[AOR]=4.13；1.91，8.96）、没有自来水供应的房屋（AOR=4.43；1.31，15.00）以及位于房屋外的厕所（AOR=3.61；1.44，9.07）与儿童腹泻事件显著相关。
改良饮用水源的利用率较高，但自来水连接和改良卫生厕所的使用率较低。腹泻事件与饮用水源类型和卫生设施地点之间的关联可能表明水源受到粪便污染。通过以家庭为中心的教育项目提高认识可能会改善这种情况。
