Department of Statistics, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Department of Mathematics, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 22;16(4):e0239502. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239502. eCollection 2021.
Clean water is an essential part of human healthy life and wellbeing. More recently, rapid population growth, high illiteracy rate, lack of sustainable development, and climate change; faces a global challenge in developing countries. The discontinuity of drinking water supply forces households either to use unsafe water storage materials or to use water from unsafe sources. The present study aimed to identify the determinants of water source types, use, quality of water, and sanitation perception of physical parameters among urban households in North-West Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among households from February to March 2019. An interview-based a pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data collection samples were selected randomly and proportional to each of the kebeles' households. MS Excel and R Version 3.6.2 were used to enter and analyze the data; respectively. Descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages were used to explain the sample data concerning the predictor variable. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between independent and response variables.
Four hundred eighteen (418) households have participated. Based on the study undertaken,78.95% of households used improved and 21.05% of households used unimproved drinking water sources. Households drinking water sources were significantly associated with the age of the participant (x2 = 20.392, df = 3), educational status (x2 = 19.358, df = 4), source of income (x2 = 21.777, df = 3), monthly income (x2 = 13.322, df = 3), availability of additional facilities (x2 = 98.144, df = 7), cleanness status (x2 = 42.979, df = 4), scarcity of water (x2 = 5.1388, df = 1) and family size (x2 = 9.934, df = 2). The logistic regression analysis also indicated that those factors are significantly determining the water source types used by the households. Factors such as availability of toilet facility, household member type, and sex of the head of the household were not significantly associated with drinking water sources.
The uses of drinking water from improved sources were determined by different demographic, socio-economic, sanitation, and hygiene-related factors. Therefore; the local, regional, and national governments and other supporting organizations shall improve the accessibility and adequacy of drinking water from improved sources in the area.
清洁水是人类健康生活和福祉的重要组成部分。最近，人口的快速增长、高文盲率、缺乏可持续发展以及气候变化，给发展中国家带来了全球性挑战。饮用水供应的不连续性迫使家庭要么使用不安全的储水材料，要么使用不安全的水源。本研究旨在确定西北埃塞俄比亚城市家庭的水源类型、用途、水质和环境卫生感知的物理参数的决定因素。
这是一项基于社区的横断面研究，于 2019 年 2 月至 3 月期间在家庭中进行。采用基于访谈的预测试和结构化问卷收集数据。数据采集样本是随机选择的，与每个 kebeles 的家庭成比例。使用 MS Excel 和 R 版本 3.6.2 分别输入和分析数据。使用频率和百分比的描述性统计来解释有关预测变量的样本数据。使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归来评估独立变量和响应变量之间的关联。
有 418 户家庭参与了研究。根据研究，78.95%的家庭使用了改良的饮用水源，21.05%的家庭使用了未改良的饮用水源。家庭饮用水源与参与者的年龄（x2 = 20.392，df = 3）、教育程度（x2 = 19.358，df = 4）、收入来源（x2 = 21.777，df = 3）、月收入（x2 = 13.322，df = 3）、额外设施的可用性（x2 = 98.144，df = 7）、清洁状况（x2 = 42.979，df = 4）、水的稀缺性（x2 = 5.1388，df = 1）和家庭规模（x2 = 9.934，df = 2）显著相关。逻辑回归分析还表明，这些因素是确定家庭使用水源类型的重要因素。厕所设施的可用性、家庭成员类型和户主的性别等因素与饮用水源没有显著关联。
改良水源的饮用水使用受到不同的人口、社会经济、环境卫生和卫生相关因素的影响。因此，地方、区域和国家政府以及其他支持组织应改善该地区改良水源的可及性和充足性。
