de Bakker Bernadette S, de Bakker Henri M, Soerdjbalie-Maikoe Vidija, Dikkers Frederik G
Department of Medical Biology, Section of Clinical Anatomy and Embryology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Radiology, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, the Netherlands.
Laryngoscope. 2018 Aug;128(8):1829-1834. doi: 10.1002/lary.26987. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The hyoid-larynx complex is highly prone to anatomical variation. The etiology of anatomical variants such as Eagle's syndrome and the aberrant hyoid apparatus can be explained from embryonic development. Modern textbooks state that the hyoid bone body develops from the second and third pharyngeal arch cartilages, and that thyroid cartilage derives from the fourth and sixth arch cartilages. This description, however, is incompatible with various anatomical variants, and it is unclear whether it was based on observations in human embryos or on comparative embryology.
14 human embryos from the Carnegie collection between Carnegie stage 17 and 23 (42-60 days) were selected based on their histological quality.
Histological sections of the selected embryos were examined. Three-dimensional models were prepared in an interactive format. These anatomical models provide crucial spatial information and facilitate interpretation.
We observed a less-complicated development of the hyoid-larynx complex than is currently described in textbooks. The body of the hyoid bone originates from a single growth center, without overt contributions from second and third pharyngeal arch cartilages. The fourth and sixth arch cartilages were not detected in human embryos; the thyroid and cricoid cartilages develop as mesenchymal condensations in the neck region.
Despite new research techniques, theories about hyoid-larynx complex development from the beginning of the 20th century have not been refuted properly and can still be found in modern literature. Based on observations in human embryos, we propose a new and relatively simple description of the development of the hyoid-larynx complex to facilitate better understanding of the etiology of anatomical variants.
NA Laryngoscope, 1829-1834, 2018.
目的/假设：舌骨-喉复合体极易出现解剖变异。诸如伊格尔综合征和异常舌骨装置等解剖变异的病因可从胚胎发育角度进行解释。现代教科书称，舌骨体由第二和第三咽弓软骨发育而来，甲状腺软骨则源自第四和第六咽弓软骨。然而，这一描述与多种解剖变异并不相符，且不清楚其是基于对人类胚胎的观察还是比较胚胎学。
根据组织学质量，从卡内基藏品中选取了14个处于卡内基第17至23阶段（42 - 60天）的人类胚胎。
对所选胚胎的组织学切片进行检查。以交互式格式制作三维模型。这些解剖模型提供了关键的空间信息，便于解读。
我们观察到舌骨-喉复合体的发育过程比目前教科书中所描述的要简单。舌骨体起源于单一生长中心，并非明显由第二和第三咽弓软骨发育而来。在人类胚胎中未检测到第四和第六咽弓软骨；甲状腺软骨和环状软骨是在颈部区域作为间充质凝聚物发育而成。
尽管有新的研究技术，但20世纪初关于舌骨-喉复合体发育的理论尚未得到恰当反驳，在现代文献中仍能找到。基于对人类胚胎的观察，我们提出了一种新的且相对简单的舌骨-喉复合体发育描述，以便更好地理解解剖变异的病因。
无 《喉镜》，1829 - 1834页，2018年
