Preclinical evaluation of saroglitazar magnesium, a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist for treatment of dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders.

1. Saroglitazar, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, regulates lipid and glucose metabolism. The objective of this report is to provide a preclinical evaluation (in vitro/in vivo) of ADME properties of saroglitazar. In vitro studies included determination of permeability, metabolic stability, plasma protein binding, CYP reaction phenotyping and CYP inhibitory liability. In vivo studies included oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic assessment in mouse, rat and dog. The excretion of saroglitazar was determined in rats. Exploratory metabolism of saroglitazar was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo samples. 2. Saroglitazar was metabolically more stable in human liver microsomes as compared to rat and dog liver microsomes, highly protein bound (98-99.6%) with high Caco2 permeability (104 nm/s) with <2 efflux ratio. In vitro metabolism in rat, dog and human liver microsomes revealed three putative metabolites corresponding to di-hydroxylation, mono-oxygenation and dehydrogenation moieties. 3. Oral bioavailability was 100%, 72% and 47% in mouse, rat and dog, respectively. The intravenous clearance and volume of distribution of saroglitazar were 3.6, 8.5 and 6.9 mL/min/kg and 1.3, 4.8 and 1.8 L/kg for mouse, rat and dog, respectively. The elimination half-life of saroglitazar ranged between 6 and 15 h. Saroglitazar appeared to be eliminated via hepatobiliary route with negligible renal excretion.