Arkhipova Irina R
Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
Mob DNA. 2017 Dec 6;8:19. doi: 10.1186/s13100-017-0103-2. eCollection 2017.
In recent years, much attention has been paid to comparative genomic studies of transposable elements (TEs) and the ensuing problems of their identification, classification, and annotation. Different approaches and diverse automated pipelines are being used to catalogue and categorize mobile genetic elements in the ever-increasing number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, with little or no connectivity between different domains of life. Here, an overview of the current picture of TE classification and evolutionary relationships is presented, updating the diversity of TE types uncovered in sequenced genomes. A tripartite TE classification scheme is proposed to account for their replicative, integrative, and structural components, and the need to expand in vitro and in vivo studies of their structural and biological properties is emphasized. Bioinformatic studies have now become front and center of novel TE discovery, and experimental pursuits of these discoveries hold great promise for both basic and applied science.
近年来，转座元件（TEs）的比较基因组研究及其识别、分类和注释等后续问题受到了广泛关注。人们采用不同的方法和多样的自动化流程，对数量不断增加的原核生物和真核生物基因组中的移动遗传元件进行编目和分类，但不同生命领域之间几乎没有或完全没有联系。本文概述了TE分类和进化关系的现状，更新了测序基因组中发现的TE类型的多样性。提出了一种三方TE分类方案，以考虑其复制、整合和结构成分，并强调了扩大对其结构和生物学特性进行体外和体内研究的必要性。生物信息学研究现已成为新型TE发现的前沿和核心，对这些发现的实验探索对基础科学和应用科学都具有巨大的前景。
