Rollins Leslie, Riggins Tracy
Christopher Newport University.
University of Maryland.
Int J Behav Dev. 2017 Nov;41(6):663-669. doi: 10.1177/0165025416656413. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
This longitudinal study examined developmental changes in conflict inhibition and error correction in three cohorts of children (5, 7, and 9 years of age). At each point of assessment children completed three levels of Luria's tapping task (1980), which requires the inhibition of a dominant response and maintenance of task rules in working memory. Findings suggest that both conflict inhibition and error detection and correction improve significantly during middle childhood. When cognitive demands were high, conflict inhibition, as shown by initial response accuracy, improved steadily across middle childhood. In contrast, the ability to detect and correct for errors improved between 5 and 6 years of age. Further, variability in conflict inhibition decreased with age and individual differences in conflict inhibition were stable across the one-year period in 7- and 9-year-old, but not 5-year-old children. These findings are discussed in relation to previous research on the development of inhibition.
这项纵向研究考察了三组儿童（5岁、7岁和9岁）在冲突抑制和错误纠正方面的发展变化。在每个评估点，儿童完成了三个水平的鲁利亚敲击任务（1980年），该任务要求抑制优势反应并在工作记忆中维持任务规则。研究结果表明，在童年中期，冲突抑制以及错误检测和纠正能力均有显著提高。当认知需求较高时，从初始反应准确性来看，冲突抑制在整个童年中期稳步提高。相比之下，错误检测和纠正能力在5至6岁之间有所提高。此外，冲突抑制的变异性随年龄增长而降低，7岁和9岁儿童在一年时间内冲突抑制的个体差异保持稳定，但5岁儿童并非如此。本文结合先前关于抑制发展的研究对这些发现进行了讨论。
