Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University Tokyo, Japan ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University Tokyo, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2014 Mar 18;5:227. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00227. eCollection 2014.
Inhibitory control is the ability to suppress competing, dominant, automatic, or prepotent cognitive processing at perceptual, intermediate, and output stages. Inhibitory control is a key cognitive function of typical and atypical child development. This study examined age-related trends of Stroop-like interference in 3 to 12-year-old children and young adults by administration of a computerized Stroop-like big-small task with reduced working memory demand. This task used a set of pictures displaying a big and small circle in black and included the same condition and the opposite condition. In the same condition, each participant was instructed to say "big" when viewing the big circle and to say "small" when viewing the small circle. In the opposite condition, each participant was instructed to say "small" when viewing the big circle and to say "big" when viewing the small circle. The opposite condition required participants to inhibit the prepotent response of saying the same, a familiar response to a perceptual stimulus. The results of this study showed that Stroop-like interference decreased markedly in children in terms of error rates and correct response time. There was no deterioration of performance occurring between the early trials and the late trials in the sessions of the day-night task. Moreover, pretest failure rate was relatively low in this study. The Stroop-like big-small task is a useful tool to assess the development of inhibitory control in young children in that the task is easy to understand and has small working memory demand.
抑制控制是指在感知、中间和输出阶段抑制竞争、主导、自动或优势认知加工的能力。抑制控制是典型和非典型儿童发展的关键认知功能。本研究通过使用一种具有降低工作记忆需求的计算机化类 Stroop 大-小任务，考察了 3 至 12 岁儿童和年轻成年人的年龄相关 Stroop 样干扰趋势。该任务使用一组显示黑色大圆圈和小圆圈的图片，并包括相同条件和相反条件。在相同条件下，每个参与者被指示在观看大圆圈时说“大”，在观看小圆圈时说“小”。在相反条件下，每个参与者被指示在观看大圆圈时说“小”，在观看小圆圈时说“大”。相反条件要求参与者抑制说出相同的优势反应，这是对感知刺激的熟悉反应。本研究的结果表明，在错误率和正确反应时间方面，儿童的类 Stroop 干扰明显降低。在白天-黑夜任务的各个会话中，早期试验和晚期试验之间的表现没有恶化。此外，本研究的预测试失败率相对较低。类 Stroop 大-小任务是评估幼儿抑制控制发展的有用工具，因为该任务易于理解且对工作记忆的要求较低。
