Wu Jikang, Sabag-Daigle Anice, Metz Thomas O, Deatherage Kaiser Brooke L, Gopalan Venkat, Behrman Edward J, Wysocki Vicki H, Ahmer Brian M M
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Jan 10;66(1):212-217. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04237. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
The food-borne bacterial pathogen, Salmonella enterica, can utilize fructose-asparagine (F-Asn) as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. F-Asn is the product of an Amadori rearrangement following the nonenzymatic condensation of glucose and asparagine. Heating converts F-Asn via complex Maillard reactions to a variety of molecules that contribute to the color, taste, and aroma of heated foods. Among these end derivatives is acrylamide, which is present in some foods, especially in fried potatoes. The F-Asn utilization pathway in Salmonella, specifically FraB, is a potential drug target because inhibition of this enzyme would lead to intoxication of Salmonella in the presence of F-Asn. However, F-Asn would need to be packaged with the FraB inhibitor or available in human foods. To determine if there are foods that have sufficient F-Asn, we measured F-Asn concentrations in a variety of human and animal foods. The 400 pmol/mg F-Asn found in mouse chow is sufficient to intoxicate a Salmonella fraB mutant in mouse models of salmonellosis, and several human foods were found to have F-Asn at this level or higher (fresh apricots, lettuce, asparagus, and canned peaches). Much higher concentrations (11 000-35 000 pmol/mg dry weight) were found in heat-dried apricots, apples, and asparagus. This report reveals possible origins of F-Asn as a nutrient source for Salmonella and identifies foods that could be used together with a FraB inhibitor as a therapeutic agent for Salmonella.
食源性病原体肠炎沙门氏菌能够利用果糖 - 天冬酰胺（F - Asn）作为其唯一的碳源和氮源。F - Asn是葡萄糖和天冬酰胺非酶促缩合后发生阿马多里重排的产物。加热通过复杂的美拉德反应将F - Asn转化为多种有助于加热食品颜色、味道和香气的分子。这些最终衍生物中包括丙烯酰胺，它存在于一些食品中，尤其是炸土豆中。沙门氏菌中的F - Asn利用途径，特别是FraB，是一个潜在的药物靶点，因为抑制这种酶会导致在存在F - Asn的情况下沙门氏菌中毒。然而，F - Asn需要与FraB抑制剂一起包装或存在于人类食物中。为了确定是否有含有足够F - Asn的食物，我们测量了多种人类和动物食物中的F - Asn浓度。在小鼠饲料中发现的400 pmol/mg F - Asn足以使鼠伤寒沙门氏菌fraB突变体在沙门氏菌病小鼠模型中中毒，并且发现几种人类食物中的F - Asn达到或高于这个水平（新鲜杏子、生菜、芦笋和桃子罐头）。在热干燥的杏子、苹果和芦笋中发现了更高的浓度（11000 - 35000 pmol/mg干重）。本报告揭示了F - Asn作为沙门氏菌营养源的可能来源，并确定了可以与FraB抑制剂一起用作沙门氏菌治疗剂的食物。
