前往缅甸旅行者的健康问题发生率和种类。

Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

J Travel Med. 2018 Jan 1;25(1). doi: 10.1093/jtm/tax077.

BACKGROUND

The number of international travellers visiting Myanmar increases each year. However, information about pre-travel preparation and incidence of health problems among these travellers is limited.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted at three international airports in Thailand. Travellers returning from Myanmar completed questionnaires querying demographic profile, pre-travel health preparations and health problems during their stay in Myanmar.

RESULTS

From March 2015 to May 2017, we collected and analysed questionnaires completed by 397 Thai and 467 non-Thai travellers (total: 50.1% men, median age 37 years). Non-Thai travellers were from Europe (59%), Northern America (21.4%), Asia (16.5%) and Australia or New Zealand (3.0%). Approximately 74% of non-Thais sought pre-travel health information; only 36% of Thais did so. Tourism was the main purpose for travel among both Thais (58.4%) and non-Thais (85.2%). Non-Thais were more likely than Thais to travel as backpackers and perform outdoor activities such as trekking, cycling or swimming. The average length of stay in Myanmar among non-Thais was significantly longer than that of Thais (26.58 days vs 7.08 days, P < 0.001). Health problems were reported by 22.9% of non-Thais; the most common was diarrhoea (21.0%) followed by upper respiratory tract symptoms (9.2%), fever (3.4%) and skin problems (3.0%). Only 12.6% of Thais reported health problems, the most common being upper respiratory tract symptoms (7.6%), followed by diarrhoea (3.1%), fever (2.8%) and skin problems (2.0%). Most health problems were mild and self-limited in both groups. Only one Thai and eight non-Thai travellers required a doctor's visit during their trip to Myanmar, and two non-Thais required hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS

Health problems are not very common among travellers to Myanmar. Overall, health problems were reported among 18.2% of travellers in our study. Most problems were mild, with spontaneous recovery. Only two foreign travellers required hospitalization.

背景

前往缅甸的国际旅行者人数逐年增加。然而，关于这些旅行者的旅行前准备和健康问题发生率的信息有限。

方法

本横断面研究在泰国的三个国际机场进行。从缅甸返回的旅行者填写了调查问卷，询问了人口统计学特征、旅行前的健康准备情况以及在缅甸逗留期间的健康问题。

结果

2015 年 3 月至 2017 年 5 月，我们共收集和分析了 397 名泰国人和 467 名非泰国人（总计：50.1%为男性，中位数年龄 37 岁）旅行者填写的问卷。非泰国旅行者来自欧洲（59%）、北美（21.4%）、亚洲（16.5%）和澳大利亚或新西兰（3.0%）。大约 74%的非泰国人寻求旅行前的健康信息；只有 36%的泰国人这样做。旅游是泰国人和非泰国人旅行的主要目的（分别为 58.4%和 85.2%）。与泰国人相比，非泰国人更有可能作为背包客旅行，并进行徒步旅行、骑自行车或游泳等户外活动。非泰国人在缅甸的平均逗留时间明显长于泰国人（26.58 天比 7.08 天，P<0.001）。22.9%的非泰国人报告有健康问题；最常见的是腹泻（21.0%），其次是上呼吸道症状（9.2%）、发热（3.4%）和皮肤问题（3.0%）。只有 12.6%的泰国人报告有健康问题，最常见的是上呼吸道症状（7.6%），其次是腹泻（3.1%）、发热（2.8%）和皮肤问题（2.0%）。两组旅行者的大多数健康问题都很轻微且自行缓解。只有一名泰国人和八名非泰国旅行者在前往缅甸旅行期间需要看医生，两名非泰国旅行者需要住院治疗。