Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council - Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Mycotoxin Res. 2018 May;34(2):91-97. doi: 10.1007/s12550-017-0303-0. Epub 2017 Dec 13.
Aspergillus clavatus poisoning is a neuromycotoxicosis of ruminants that occurs sporadically across the world after ingestion of infected feedstuffs. Although various toxic metabolites are synthesized by the fungus, it is not clear which specific or group of mycotoxins induces the syndrome. A. clavatus isolates were deposited in the culture collection of the Biosystematics Division, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council during incidences of livestock poisoning (1988-2016). Six isolates were still viable and these plus three other South African isolates that were also previously deposited in the collection were positively identified as A. clavatus based on morphology and ß-tubulin sequence data. The cultures were screened for multiple mycotoxins using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method. Twelve A. clavatus metabolites were detected. The concentrations of the tremorgenic mycotoxins (i.e., tryptoquivaline A and its related metabolites deoxytryptoquivaline A and deoxynortryptoquivaline) were higher than patulin and cytochalasin E. Livestock owners should not feed A. clavatus-infected material to ruminants as all the South African A. clavatus isolates synthesized the same compounds when cultured under similar conditions.
棒曲霉素中毒是一种散发性瘤胃酸中毒，全世界的反刍动物在摄入受污染的饲料后都会发生这种中毒。虽然真菌会合成各种有毒代谢物，但目前尚不清楚是哪种特定的或一组霉菌毒素引起了这种综合征。1988 年至 2016 年，在牲畜中毒事件发生期间，将棒曲霉菌株存放在农业研究理事会植物保护研究所生物系统学司的培养物收藏中。有 6 株仍然具有活力，再加上另外 3 株以前也存放在该收藏中的南非分离株，根据形态和 β-微管蛋白序列数据，这些分离株被确认为棒曲霉菌。使用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）方法对这些培养物进行了多种霉菌毒素的筛选。检测到 12 种棒曲霉素代谢物。震颤性霉菌毒素（即，色胺酮 A 及其相关代谢物脱氧色胺酮 A 和去氧北美桑辛）的浓度高于棒曲霉素和细胞松弛素 E。牲畜饲养者不应将棒曲霉菌感染的材料喂给反刍动物，因为所有南非棒曲霉菌株在相似条件下培养时都会合成相同的化合物。
