Kontio Tea, Heliövaara Markku, Rissanen Harri, Knekt Paul, Aromaa Arpo, Solovieva Svetlana
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Turku, Finland.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Dec 13;18(1):528. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1886-5.
Meniscal lesions are among the most common injuries of the knee, yet limited epidemiologic data is available on their risk factors. We investigated the association of lifestyle factors and physical strenuousness of work on knee injuries with a focus on meniscal lesions.
We examined a nationally representative sample of persons aged 30 to 59 years, who participated in a comprehensive health examination (the Mini-Finland Health Survey). Subjects without any injury or osteoarthritis in the knee joint at baseline (n = 4713) were subsequently followed via the National Hospital Discharge Register up to 30 years.
During the follow-up, 338 knee injuries were identified of which 224 were meniscal lesions. Obesity and regular leisure time physical exercise were associated with an increased risk of first hospitalization due to meniscal lesions (hazard ratio (HR) 1.62 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.48 and 1.53, 95% CI 1.05-2.23, respectively). The types of sports predicting the highest risk of meniscal lesions were ballgames, gymnastics and jogging. Physical strenuousness of work did not predict meniscal lesion. The hazard of other knee injury was increased among those reporting irregular or regular physical exercise at baseline (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.03-2.64 and 1.88 CI 1.05-2.36, respectively). Smoking or alcohol intake were not associated with knee injuries.
Better safety measures in high-risk sports and weight control would likely improve the prevention of meniscal lesions in populations.
半月板损伤是膝关节最常见的损伤之一，但关于其危险因素的流行病学数据有限。我们调查了生活方式因素和工作中的体力强度与膝关节损伤之间的关联，重点关注半月板损伤。
我们检查了一个具有全国代表性的30至59岁人群样本，这些人参加了一次全面的健康检查（芬兰小型健康调查）。基线时膝关节无任何损伤或骨关节炎的受试者（n = 4713）随后通过国家医院出院登记册进行了长达30年的随访。
在随访期间，共确定了338例膝关节损伤，其中224例为半月板损伤。肥胖和定期的休闲体育锻炼与因半月板损伤首次住院的风险增加相关（风险比[HR]分别为1.62，95%置信区间[CI]为1.06 - 2.48；以及1.53，95%CI为1.05 - 2.23）。预测半月板损伤风险最高的运动类型是球类运动、体操和慢跑。工作中的体力强度并不能预测半月板损伤。在基线时报告不定期或定期体育锻炼的人群中，其他膝关节损伤的风险增加（HR分别为1.64，95%CI为1.03 - 2.64；以及1.88，95%CI为1.05 - 2.36）。吸烟或饮酒与膝关节损伤无关。
在高危运动中采取更好的安全措施和控制体重可能会改善人群中半月板损伤的预防。
