Kalapos Balázs, Novák Aliz, Dobrev Petre, Vítámvás Pavel, Marincs Ferenc, Galiba Gábor, Vanková Radomira
Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary.
Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Nov 29;8:2033. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02033. eCollection 2017.
The effect of short- and long-term cold treatment on the abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (CK) metabolism, and their main biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes were investigated in freezing-sensitive and freezing-tolerant wheat genotypes. Varieties Cheyenne and Chinese Spring substituted with the 5A Cheyenne chromosome, which represented freezing-tolerant genotypes, were compared with the freezing-sensitive Chinese Spring. Hormone levels and gene expression data indicated that the short- and long-term cold treatments are associated with specific regulation of the accumulation of cold-protective proteins and phytohormone levels, as well as the expression profiles of the hormone-related genes. The significant differences were observed between the genotypes, and between their leaf and crown tissues, too. The level of dehydrins, including WCS120 protein, and expression of gene were considerably higher in the freezing-tolerant genotypes after 21 days of cold treatment. Expression of and , cold-responsive regulator genes, was increased by cold treatment in all genotypes, to higher extent in freezing-tolerant genotypes. Cluster analysis revealed that the tolerant genotypes had a similar response to cold treatment, regarding expression of the ABA and CK metabolic genes, as well as hormone levels in leaves. As far as hormone levels in crowns are concerned, however, the strongly freezing-tolerant Cheyenne variety clustered separately from the Chinese Spring and the substitution line, which were more similar to each other after both 1 and 21 days of cold treatment than to Cheyenne. Based on these results we concluded that the 5A chromosome of wheat might have both a direct and an indirect impact on the phytohormone-dependent cold-induced freezing tolerance. Based on the gene expression data, novel genetic markers could be developed, which may be used to determine the freezing tolerance level in a wide range of wheat varieties.
研究了短期和长期低温处理对冻敏感型和耐冻型小麦基因型脱落酸（ABA）和细胞分裂素（CK）代谢及其主要生物合成和信号相关基因的影响。将代表耐冻基因型的用5A夏延染色体替换的品种夏延和中国春与冻敏感型中国春进行比较。激素水平和基因表达数据表明，短期和长期低温处理与冷保护蛋白积累、植物激素水平的特定调节以及激素相关基因的表达谱有关。在基因型之间以及它们的叶片和冠组织之间也观察到了显著差异。经过21天的低温处理后，包括WCS120蛋白在内的脱水素水平以及基因的表达在耐冻基因型中显著更高。冷响应调节基因和的表达在所有基因型中都因低温处理而增加，在耐冻基因型中增加幅度更大。聚类分析表明，就ABA和CK代谢基因的表达以及叶片中的激素水平而言，耐冻基因型对低温处理有相似的反应。然而，就冠中的激素水平而言，强耐冻的夏延品种与中国春和替换系聚类分开，中国春和替换系在低温处理1天和21天后彼此比与夏延更相似。基于这些结果，我们得出结论，小麦的5A染色体可能对植物激素依赖性冷诱导的冻耐受性有直接和间接影响。基于基因表达数据，可以开发新的遗传标记，可用于确定广泛小麦品种的冻耐受水平。
