Chuderski Adam, Jastrzębski Jan
Cognitive Science Department, Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Dec;43(12):1993-2004. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000409.
The "nothing-special" account of insight predicts positive correlations of insight problem solving and working memory capacity (WMC), whereas the "special-process" account expects no, or even negative, correlations. In the latter vein, DeCaro, Van Stockum Jr., and Wieth (2016) have recently reported weak negative WMC correlations with 2 constraint relaxation matchstick problems and 3 insight problems, and thus they claim that WM hinders insight. Here, we report on 3 studies that investigated WMC and various matchstick and classical problems (including 1 study that precisely replicated DeCaro et al.'s procedure). All 3 studies yielded moderate positive correlations of WMC with both the constraint relaxation and the classical problems. WMC explained 10% variance in problem solving, no matter what problems were used or how they were applied. Thus, DeCaro et al.'s claim that WM hinders insight is unwarranted. The opposite is true: WM facilitates insight. (PsycINFO Database Record
顿悟的“无特殊之处”观点预测，顿悟问题解决与工作记忆容量（WMC）呈正相关，而“特殊过程”观点则预期不存在相关性，甚至呈负相关。在后一种观点中，德卡罗、小范斯托克姆和维思（2016年）最近报告称，在2个约束放松火柴问题和3个顿悟问题上，工作记忆容量与它们呈微弱的负相关，因此他们声称工作记忆会阻碍顿悟。在此，我们报告3项研究，这些研究调查了工作记忆容量以及各种火柴问题和经典问题（其中1项研究精确复制了德卡罗等人的程序）。所有3项研究均得出工作记忆容量与约束放松问题和经典问题都呈中度正相关。无论使用何种问题或如何应用这些问题，工作记忆容量都能解释问题解决中10%的方差。因此，德卡罗等人声称工作记忆会阻碍顿悟的说法是没有根据的。事实恰恰相反：工作记忆有助于顿悟。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》 ）
