Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
Industrial Biotechnology, Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Feb;102(3):1097-1117. doi: 10.1007/s00253-017-8691-9. Epub 2017 Dec 15.
Mucoralean fungi are suitable microorganisms for the sustainable production of food, fodder, and fuels from inexpensive natural resources. Ethanol-producing Mucorales are particularly advantageous for second-generation ethanol production in comparison to the conventional ethanolic yeasts and bacteria. They are able to ferment a wide range of sugars to a range of valuable products, while they are typically resistance against the inhibitors available in different substrates, including untreated lignocellulosic hydrolysates. In addition to a high ethanol yield, the fungi produce several commercially valuable by-products, including chitosan, microbial oil (mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids), and protein. Moreover, the fungal extracts can replace the expensive nutrients required in fermentation. Besides, their morphologies can be altered from filamentous to yeast like and are adjustable based on the process requirement. The focus of this review is on applying Mucorales in producing ethanol and the biomass by-products thereof.
毛霉目真菌是利用廉价自然资源可持续生产食品、饲料和燃料的合适微生物。与传统的乙醇酵母和细菌相比，产乙醇毛霉目真菌在第二代乙醇生产方面具有特别的优势。它们能够发酵广泛的糖类物质来生产各种有价值的产品，而且通常对不同基质中存在的抑制剂具有抗性，包括未经处理的木质纤维素水解物。除了高乙醇产量外，真菌还会产生几种具有商业价值的副产品，包括壳聚糖、微生物油（主要是多不饱和脂肪酸）和蛋白质。此外，真菌提取物可以替代发酵所需的昂贵营养物质。此外，它们的形态可以从丝状转变为酵母状，并且可以根据工艺要求进行调整。本文的重点是应用毛霉目真菌生产乙醇及其生物质副产品。
