Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Immunol Rev. 2018 Jan;281(1):8-27. doi: 10.1111/imr.12621.
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology because the IL-1 family and Toll-like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is primarily associated with innate immunity. More than 95% of living organisms use innate immune mechanisms for survival whereas less than 5% depend on T- and B-cell functions. Innate immunity is manifested by inflammation, which can function as a mechanism of host defense but when uncontrolled is detrimental to survival. Each member of the IL-1 receptor and TLR family contains the cytoplasmic Toll-IL-1-Receptor (TIR) domain. The 50 amino acid TIR domains are highly homologous with the Toll protein in Drosophila. The TIR domain is nearly the same and present in each TLR and each IL-1 receptor family. Whereas IL-1 family cytokine members trigger innate inflammation via IL-1 family of receptors, TLRs trigger inflammation via bacteria, microbial products, viruses, nucleic acids, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In fact, IL-1 family member IL-1a and IL-33 also function as DAMPs. Although the inflammatory properties of the IL-1 family dominate in innate immunity, IL-1 family member can play a role in acquired immunity. This overview is a condensed update of the IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors.
白细胞介素-1 (IL-1) 细胞因子和受体家族在免疫学中是独一无二的，因为 IL-1 家族和 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 家族具有相似的功能。在所有细胞因子家族中，IL-1 家族与先天免疫的关系最为密切。超过 95%的生物依靠先天免疫机制生存，而只有不到 5%的生物依赖 T 细胞和 B 细胞功能。先天免疫表现为炎症，炎症可以作为宿主防御的机制，但如果失控则对生存有害。IL-1 受体和 TLR 家族的每个成员都包含细胞质 Toll-IL-1-Receptor (TIR) 结构域。50 个氨基酸的 TIR 结构域与果蝇中的 Toll 蛋白高度同源。TIR 结构域几乎相同，存在于每个 TLR 和每个 IL-1 受体家族中。IL-1 家族细胞因子成员通过 IL-1 家族受体触发先天炎症，而 TLR 通过细菌、微生物产物、病毒、核酸和损伤相关分子模式 (DAMPs) 触发炎症。事实上，IL-1 家族成员 IL-1a 和 IL-33 也作为 DAMPs 发挥作用。尽管 IL-1 家族的炎症特性在先天免疫中占主导地位，但 IL-1 家族成员也可以在获得性免疫中发挥作用。本文概述了白细胞介素-1 细胞因子和受体家族。
