Mendelson Yarden, Bachar Eytan, Cherniak Aaron, Cooper-Kazaz Rena
Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Isr J Psychiatry. 2017;54(2):9-15.
This study investigated the long-term effects of different traumatic environments on adolescents. Environments were characterized by different threats that varied in predictability, duration, and the extent to which the threat can be defended against. The research examined: 1) Jerusalem during the Second Intifada (2001-2004), 2) Israel's northern cities during the Second Lebanon War (2006), and 3) cities that suffered neither the suicide bombings (that occurred in Jerusalem) nor the rocket bombardments (that occurred in the north).
Data was collected from surveys administered to 115 subjects aged 19-28 who were adolescents in the aforementioned cities at the relevant times but were not directly affected by terror. Participants were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R).
No significant differences were found between subjects who lived in different traumatic environments as adolescents in levels of depression, posttraumatic symptoms (PTS) or posttraumatic growth (PTG). In fact, a pattern in the data indicates that adolescents in Jerusalem were less negatively impacted by their environment than were the other groups, even though Jerusalem experienced an unpredictable threat that could not be defended against, a chronic chaotic environment.
These findings suggest that the effects of a chronic chaotic environment did not produce significantly more symptoms than other environments when examined several years later. Reactions to terror, including parental attitude towards adolescents' daily routine, are also discussed.
本研究调查了不同创伤环境对青少年的长期影响。这些环境的特点是具有不同的威胁，这些威胁在可预测性、持续时间以及可抵御威胁的程度方面各不相同。该研究考察了：1）第二次巴勒斯坦大起义（2001 - 2004年）期间的耶路撒冷，2）第二次黎巴嫩战争（2006年）期间以色列北部城市，以及3）既未遭受（耶路撒冷发生的）自杀式爆炸袭击也未遭受（北部发生的）火箭弹轰炸的城市。
数据收集自对115名年龄在19 - 28岁之间的受试者进行的调查，这些受试者在相关时期是上述城市的青少年，但未直接受到恐怖袭击的影响。参与者接受了贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、创伤后成长量表（PTGI）和事件影响量表修订版（IES - R）的测试。
在青少年时期生活在不同创伤环境中的受试者，在抑郁水平、创伤后症状（PTS）或创伤后成长（PTG）方面未发现显著差异。事实上，数据中的一种模式表明，耶路撒冷的青少年受其环境的负面影响比其他群体要小，尽管耶路撒冷经历了无法抵御的不可预测的威胁以及长期的混乱环境。
这些发现表明，几年后进行检查时，长期混乱环境产生的症状并不比其他环境显著更多。文中还讨论了对恐怖袭击的反应，包括父母对青少年日常生活的态度。
