Environmental Research Center, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Oswego , Oswego, New York 13126, United States.
Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Jan 16;52(2):712-721. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05568. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
Our research reports polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (CP-PCBs) concentrations and age-corrected trends for lake trout and walleye in the Great Lakes over the 2004-2014 period. We determined that age-contaminant corrections are required to accurately report contaminant trends due to significant lake trout age structure changes. The age-trend model (ATM) described here uses a lake-specific age-contaminant regression to mitigate the effect of a fluctuating lake trout age structure to directly improve the log-linear regression model. ATM results indicate that half-life (t) and percent decreases for PCDD/Fs, CP-PCBs, and toxic equivalence (TEQ) (average -56 to 70%) were fairly uniform and consistent across the Great Lakes over the 2004-2014 period. The vast majority of TEQ associated with all Great Lakes lake trout and walleye samples is due to the nonortho CP-PCBs (average = 79%) as compared with PCDD/Fs (average = 21%). On average, CP-PCB_126 individually accounted for over 95% of the total CP-PCB TEQ. A retrospective analysis (1977-2014) of 2378-TCDF and 2378-TCDD raw concentrations in Lake Ontario lake trout revealed decreases of 94% and 96%, respectively. Tissue residue guidelines for wildlife protection based on lake trout and walleye total TEQ were uniformly exceeded in all the Great Lakes.
我们的研究报告了 2004-2014 年期间大湖地区湖鳟鱼和大眼狮鲈体内的多氯二苯并对二恶英（PCDDs）、多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）和共平面多氯联苯（CP-PCBs）浓度以及经年龄校正的趋势。我们发现，由于湖鳟鱼年龄结构的显著变化，需要进行年龄-污染物校正才能准确报告污染物趋势。这里描述的年龄趋势模型（ATM）使用特定湖泊的年龄-污染物回归来减轻波动的湖鳟鱼年龄结构的影响，从而直接改进对数线性回归模型。ATM 结果表明，半衰期（t）和 PCDD/Fs、CP-PCBs 和毒性当量（TEQ）的百分比降低（平均为-56%至 70%）在 2004-2014 年期间在大湖地区相当均匀和一致。与所有大湖地区的湖鳟鱼和大眼狮鲈样本相关的绝大多数 TEQ 归因于非邻位 CP-PCBs（平均为 79%），而不是 PCDD/Fs（平均为 21%）。平均而言，CP-PCB_126 单独占总 CP-PCB TEQ 的 95%以上。对安大略湖湖鳟鱼的 2378-TCDF 和 2378-TCDD 原始浓度的回顾性分析（1977-2014 年）显示，分别下降了 94%和 96%。基于湖鳟鱼和大眼狮鲈总 TEQ 的野生动物保护组织的组织残留指南在所有大湖地区均普遍超标。
