Talhout Reinskje, Richter Patricia A, Stepanov Irina, Watson Christina V, Watson Clifford H
Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA.
Tob Regul Sci. 2018 Jan;4(1):592-604. doi: 10.18001/TRS.4.1.6.
This paper describes the effects of non-tobacco, physical cigarette design features on smoke emissions, product appeal, and smoking behaviors - 3 factors that determine smoker's exposure and related health risks.
We reviewed available evidence for the impact of filter ventilation, new filter types, and cigarettes dimensions on toxic emissions, smoker's perceptions, and behavior. For evidence sources we used scientific literature and websites providing product characteristics and marketing information.
Whereas filter ventilation results in lower machine-generated emissions, it also leads to perceptions of lighter taste and relative safety in smokers who can unwittingly employ more intense smoking behavior to obtain the desired amount of nicotine and sensory appeal. Filter additives that modify smoke emissions can also modify sensory cues, resulting in changes in smoking behavior. Flavor capsules increase the cigarette's appeal and novelty, and lead to misperceptions of reduced harm. Slim cigarettes have lower yields of some smoke emissions, but smoking behavior can be more intense than with standard cigarettes.
Physical design features significantly impact machine-measured emission yields in cigarette smoke, product appeal, smoking behaviors, and exposures in smokers. The influence of current and emerging design features is important in understanding the effectiveness of regulatory actions to reduce smoking-related harm.
本文描述了非烟草类物理卷烟设计特征对烟雾排放、产品吸引力和吸烟行为的影响，这三个因素决定了吸烟者的接触程度及相关健康风险。
我们回顾了关于过滤嘴通风、新型过滤嘴类型和卷烟尺寸对有毒物质排放、吸烟者认知及行为影响的现有证据。证据来源包括科学文献以及提供产品特征和营销信息的网站。
过滤嘴通风虽能降低机器产生的烟雾排放，但也会让吸烟者觉得味道更淡、相对更安全，从而不知不觉地采取更强烈的吸烟行为来获取所需尼古丁量和感官享受。能改变烟雾排放的过滤嘴添加剂也会改变感官提示，进而导致吸烟行为发生变化。香味胶囊增加了卷烟的吸引力和新颖性，并导致对危害降低的误解。细支卷烟的某些烟雾排放产量较低，但吸烟行为可能比标准卷烟更强烈。
物理设计特征对卷烟烟雾中机器测量的排放产量、产品吸引力、吸烟行为以及吸烟者的接触程度有显著影响。当前和新兴设计特征的影响对于理解减少吸烟相关危害的监管行动的有效性至关重要。
