Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Research Group ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Cereb Cortex. 2018 Jan 1;28(1):63-72. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw348.
Research on the neural correlates of developmental dyslexia indicates atypical anatomical lateralization of the planum temporale, a higher-order cortical auditory region. Yet whether this atypical lateralization precedes reading acquisition and is related to a familial risk for dyslexia is not currently known. In this study, we address these questions in 2 separate cohorts of young children and adolescents with and without a familial risk for dyslexia. Planum temporale surface area was manually labeled bilaterally, on the T1-weighted MR brain images of 54 pre-readers (mean age: 6.2 years, SD: 3.2 months; 33 males) and 28 adolescents (mean age: 14.7 years, SD: 3.3 months; 11 males). Half of the pre-readers and adolescents had a familial risk for dyslexia. In both pre-readers and adolescents, group comparisons of left and right planum temporale surface area showed a significant interaction between hemisphere and family history of dyslexia, with participants who had no family risk for dyslexia showing greater leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale. This effect was confirmed when analyses were restricted to normal reading participants. Altered planum temporale asymmetry thus seems to be related to family history of dyslexia.
研究表明，发展性阅读障碍与颞上回（颞叶皮质的一个高级听觉区）的解剖侧化异常有关。然而，这种异常的侧化是否先于阅读能力的获得，以及是否与阅读障碍的家族风险有关，目前尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们在两个独立的儿童和青少年队列中探讨了这些问题，这些队列中有的有阅读障碍的家族风险，有的则没有。我们对 54 名预备阅读者（平均年龄：6.2 岁，标准差：3.2 个月；男性 33 名）和 28 名青少年（平均年龄：14.7 岁，标准差：3.3 个月；男性 11 名）的 T1 加权磁共振脑图像进行了双侧颞上回表面积的手动标记。一半的预备阅读者和青少年有阅读障碍的家族风险。在预备阅读者和青少年中，对左、右颞上回表面积的组间比较显示，大脑半球与阅读障碍家族史之间存在显著的交互作用，没有阅读障碍家族风险的参与者颞上回的左侧偏侧化程度更大。当分析仅限于正常阅读者时，这一效应得到了证实。因此，颞上回不对称的改变似乎与阅读障碍的家族史有关。
